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In this article, the authors discuss variable structure\u2014specifically, the structure change and interface change capability\u2014in DEVS-based modeling and simulation environments. The operations of structure change and interface change are discussed, and their respective operation boundaries are defined. Three examples are given to illustrate the role of variable structure and how it can be used to model and design adaptive complex systems. Principles for the implementation of variable structure are also presented and illustrated in the DEVSJAVA modeling and simulation environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549705052227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,18]],"date-time":"2005-05-18T10:09:10Z","timestamp":1116410950000},"page":"91-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Variable Structure in DEVS Component-Based Modeling and Simulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Center for Integrative Modeling and Simulation, Electrical and                         Computer Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard P.","family":"Zeigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Center for Integrative Modeling and Simulation, Electrical and                         Computer Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Center for Integrative Modeling and Simulation, Electrical and                         Computer Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"High Level Architecture interface specification, version 1.3","author":"U.S. Department of Defense","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"High Level Architecture object model template, version 1.3","author":"U.S. Department of Defense","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"High Level Architecture rules, version 1.3","author":"U.S. Department of Defense","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference","author":"Miller, J. 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