{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:41:25Z","timestamp":1777902085635,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since random early detection (RED) was proposed in 1993, many active queue management (AQM) algorithms have been proposed to support better end-to-end Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control. In this article, the authors introduce and analyze a feedback control model of the TCP\/AQM dynamics. Then they suggest the concept of an AQM algorithm that can detect and avoid congestion proactively. Finally, they propose the proportional-integral (PI) proportional-derivative (PD) controller using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control to overcome the reactive control behavior of existing AQM proposals. The PI-PD controller is able to provide proactive congestion avoidance and control using an adaptive congestion indicator and a control function. A comparative simulation study under a variety of network environments shows that the PI-PD controller outperforms RED and the PI controller in terms of the queue length dynamics, the packet loss rates, and the link utilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549705056202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]],"date-time":"2005-08-15T09:33:31Z","timestamp":1124098411000},"page":"437-459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["PI-PD Controller for Adaptive and Robust Active Queue Management for Internet                 Congestion Control"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Seungwan","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, Chung-Ang University, Korea, and                         Mobile Telecommunications Research Division, ETRI, Korea,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byunghan","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobile Telecommunications Research Division, ETRI, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myoungki","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecom R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seikwon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, Chung-Ang University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braden, B., J. 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