{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:41:46Z","timestamp":1777902106614,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Providing Quality of Service (QoS) for sophisticated and QoS-constraining applications (e.g. video-based applications, multimedia services, and high speed data services) and ensuring continuous connectivity for universal mobile stations (UMS) in heterogeneous networks are important issues in the design of fourth generation (4G) networks. The latter will utilize multiple radio access technologies including cellular technologies (such as GSM, GPRS, and UMTS), satellite-based communications, and wireless local area networks, which are seamlessly integrated to form a heterogeneous wireless network. In the paper, first, an architecture for WLAN-UMTS integration is defined that makes the composing networks transparent to users and provides seamless services. Second, a novel protocol is proposed to reserve resources for handoff. Third, modeling and simulation is used to evaluate the QoS performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549706070275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T07:30:43Z","timestamp":1161156643000},"page":"413-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["WLAN-UMTS Integration: Architecture, Seamless Handoff, and Simulation Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Faouzi","family":"Zarai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Carthage, Tunisia Tunisia and Monmouth University NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noureddine","family":"Boudriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Carthage, Tunisia Tunisia and Monmouth University NJ, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Obaidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Carthage, Tunisia Tunisia and Monmouth University NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"[1] 3GPP TS 22.234 (2004) Requirements on 3GPP system to Wireless Local Area                 Network (WLAN) internetworking, version 6.1.0, 06-2004. (Available at http:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/ftp\/Specs\/htmlinfo\/22234.htm)O"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC\u201902)","author":"Gerla, M."},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Swedish Workshop on Wireless ad hoc Networks","author":"Lungaro, P."},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"[4] 3GPP TR 22.934, 2003. Feasibility study on 3GPP system to WLAN                 interworking, version 6.2.0, September."},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Pervasive Computing and Communications (Per-Com\u201904)","author":"Chakravorty, R."},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computers and Telecommunication Systems (SPECTS\u201904)","author":"Zarai, F."},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th WSES International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Communications and Computers","author":"Ma, X."},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"310","volume-title":"Proceedings of I-SPAN 99 International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and Networks","author":"Basagni, S."},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Mobile and Wireless Communication Networks (MWCN 2003)","author":"Aust, S."},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb10","first-page":"28","volume":"17","author":"Haarsten, J. C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Personal Communication Magazine"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"[11] ANSI\/IEEE Standard 802.11, 1999. IEEE Standard for Wireless LAN Medium                 Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. (Available at http:\/\/standards.ieee.org)"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.864004"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2002.804189"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"ACM MSWiM","author":"Tacconi, D."},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Proceedings of 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Circuits and Systems (ICECS)","author":"Zarai, F."}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549706070275","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549706070275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1777634391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549706070275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549706070275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549706070275","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}