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We demonstrate the various behaviors in hall-evacuation scenarios, and experimentally establish the scalability of the frame rates with increasing numbers of agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549709340659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]],"date-time":"2009-09-15T11:19:03Z","timestamp":1253013543000},"page":"621-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Layered Intelligence for Agent-based Crowd Simulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Bikramjit","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive 5106 Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abukmail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive 5106 Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Landon","family":"Kraemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing The University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive 5106 Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.51.4282"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8659.00634"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"A multi-agent based framework for simulating human and social behaviors during emergency evacuations","author":"Pan, X.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CASA.2003.1199317"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JPSJ.68.2861"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2004.00783.x"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"AI Game Programming Wisdom, volume 2, chapter Using Spatial Database for Runtime Spatial Analysis, pages 381-390","author":"Tozour, P.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","author":"Sutton, R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Eurographics\/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation 2005","author":"Shao, W."},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Eurographics UK Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics","author":"Rymill, S.J."},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68996-6_14"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Stentz, A."},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM\/IEEE\/SCS Workshop on the Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS)","author":"Banerjee, B."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.41.0025"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium IAFSS","author":"Gwynne, S."},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 1987","author":"Reynolds, C."},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Informatik\/Informatique-Revue des organizations suisses d\u2019informatique","author":"Thalmann, D."},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32243-6_2"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32243-6_7"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyashita, K. 2005. 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