{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:43:08Z","timestamp":1777902188954,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]],"date-time":"2010-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In simulation, perhaps the most common use of the term \u2018fidelity\u2019 refers to the faithfulness with which model behavior reflects modeled system behavior. While there have been studies of fidelity seeking absolute and quantitative measures, there is not yet a consensus on a workable fidelity metric. We propose a formal modeling framework for comparing discrete event system simulation models in terms of fidelity, using a relative fidelity indicator. Based on the framework, we consider the possibility that the higher fidelity simulation models can also be more productive, even though they are more expensive to develop and use, since they can be used to achieve multiple objectives. First, we propose a formal simulation modeling framework within which the fidelity of simulation models can be discussed. With this framework and a simple example, we then define a relative fidelity indicator that provides a systematic way of comparing the fidelity of two simulation models. The relative fidelity indicator focuses on the most important characteristics in simulation studies: the input and output interfaces and the variables used for specifying a real-world system and simulation models. It does not require any special modeling formalism for model comparison. Based on the relative fidelity indicator and simulation modeling framework, we state the optimum simulation model selection problem to achieve given simulation objectives. Under a practical assumption, we analyze the simulation model selection problem and derive properties related to simulation modeling and the fidelity of simulation models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549710371217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]],"date-time":"2010-06-03T20:46:22Z","timestamp":1275597982000},"page":"97-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["On fidelity and model selection for discrete event simulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Hansoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Information Systems, Yanbian University of Science and Technology, P. R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon F","family":"McGinnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549710371217","unstructured":"Pace DK. Dimensions and attributes of simulation fidelity. 1998 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop Paper Simulation Interoperability Organization, Inc. http:\/\/www.sisostds.org\/index.php Orlando, FL, USA. September 14\u201318, 1998."},{"key":"bibr2-0037549710371217","unstructured":"Pace DK. Synopsis of fidelity ideas and issues. 1998 Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop Papers. Vol. 1: March 1998, p.420\u2013429."},{"key":"bibr3-0037549710371217","unstructured":"Gross DC. Report from the Fidelity Implementation Study Group. 1999 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop Paper. 99S-SIW-167, 1999."},{"key":"bibr4-0037549710371217","volume-title":"Theory of Modeling and Simulation","author":"Zeigler BP","year":"2000","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549710371217","unstructured":"Gross D, Pace D, Harmon S, Tucker W. Why fidelity? Spring 1999 Simulation Interoperability Workshop Paper. 1999, p.1055\u20131061."},{"key":"bibr6-0037549710371217","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering","author":"Gon\u00e7alves D","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549710371217","isbn-type":"print","volume-title":"Simulation fidelity theory and practice","author":"Roza ZC","year":"2004","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9040726591"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549710371217","unstructured":"DoD Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO). \u2018Department of Defense Verification, Validation and Accreditation Recommended Practices Guide (2000)\u2019, http:\/\/vva.msco.mil\/, under Special Topics, consulted February 2009."},{"key":"bibr9-0037549710371217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.1994.717120"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549710371217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/132277.132281"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549710371217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549704044324"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549710371217","volume-title":"Architecture of Systems Complexity","author":"Klir GJ","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549710371217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIMSYM.2001.922122"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549710371217","unstructured":"Roza M, Gool PV, Jense H. A fidelity management process overlay onto the FEDEP model. 1998 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop Paper. 98F-SIW-083, 1998."},{"key":"bibr15-0037549710371217","unstructured":"McDonald B. A proposed process for defining required fidelity of simulations. 1998 Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop Paper. 98S-SIW-234, 1998."},{"key":"bibr16-0037549710371217","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Spring 1997 Simulation Interoperability Workshop","author":"Foster L","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549710371217","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fall 1997 Simulation Interoperability Workshop","author":"Gross D","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549710371217","unstructured":"Roza ZC, Gross DC, Harmon SY. Report Out of the Fidelity Experimentation Implementation Study Group. 2000 Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop Paper. 00S-SIW-151 2000."},{"key":"bibr19-0037549710371217","unstructured":"OMG. \u2018OMG Systems Modeling Language\u2019, http:\/\/omgsysml.org\/ (2009), accessed October 6, 2009."},{"key":"bibr20-0037549710371217","unstructured":"OMG \u2018Documents associated with\u2009Meta Object Facility (MOF) 2.0 Query\/View\/Transformation, v1.0\u2019, http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/QVT\/1.0\/ (2009), accessed October 6, 2009."}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549710371217","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549710371217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:22:26Z","timestamp":1777634546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549710371217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549710371217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549710371217","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]]}}}