{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:43:20Z","timestamp":1777902200332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,21]],"date-time":"2010-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN) is a network of wirelessly interconnected sensors that can gather multimedia information, such as sound and vision. One of the most important design issues of a WMSN is to maximize the coverage, while preserving the network connectivity. Although there are many studies about coverage for WMSNs, most of them are based on two-dimensional terrain assumptions. However, particularly for outdoor applications, three-dimensional (3-D) terrain structure affects the performance of the WMSN remarkably. In this paper, a novel 3-D WMSN simulation environment for connected coverage issues is presented. There are four main modules of our simulation environment. The terrain generator ( TerGen) generates a synthetic 3-D landscape with different weather conditions (snow, rain, and fog), object occlusions (artificial or natural objects), and toughness levels of terrain (smooth or rough). The scenario editor ( SenEd) is used to define various sensor types that have various behavioral and locational attributes. The outputs of TerGen and SenEd are the inputs of the simulator engine ( SimEn), which simulates the WMSN and gives the performance results. The Optimization Module ( OptMod), which is optional, can be used to determine the location of the sensors optimally, while satisfying a set of predefined constraints. Different scenarios are simulated to show the capabilities of the simulation environment. The performance results show that the 3-D terrain structure affects the coverage performance of the WMSN directly. The object occlusions and weather conditions are also very important for WMSN coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549710383291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,21]],"date-time":"2010-09-21T20:35:16Z","timestamp":1285101316000},"page":"110-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A new three-dimensional wireless multimedia sensor network simulation environment for connected coverage problems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Haluk","family":"Topcuoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Marmara University, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Ermis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Engineering Department, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilker","family":"Bekmezci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mesut","family":"Sifyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Marmara University, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549710383291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549710383291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2008.04.002"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549710383291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2007.4407225"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr4-0037549710383291","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Huang CF","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Internet 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