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The learning concepts through which individuals monitor themselves have generally been overlooked by artificial intelligence researchers. Here we report on our attempt to integrate a self-awareness mechanism into an agent\u2019s learning architecture. Specifically, we describe (a) our proposal for a self-aware agent model that includes an external learning mechanism and internal cognitive capacity with super-ego and ego characteristics; and (b) our application of a version of the iterated prisoner\u2019s dilemma representing conflicts between the public good and private interests to analyze the effects of self-awareness on an agent\u2019s individual performance and cooperative behavior. Our results indicate that self-aware agents who consider public self-consciousness utilize rational analysis in a manner that promotes cooperative behavior and supports faster societal movement toward stability. We found that a small number of self-aware agents are sufficient for improving social benefits and resolving problems associated with collective irrational behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549710391822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,9]],"date-time":"2010-12-09T21:00:11Z","timestamp":1291928411000},"page":"600-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using self-aware agents to analyze public self-consciousness in the iterated prisoner\u2019s dilemma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Chung-Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taiwan,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuen-Tsai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"The self in social psychology","author":"Baumeister RF","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Aronson E., Wilson TD and Akert RM Social psychology, 7th ed. 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