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The first is to give a comprehensive review of various service-oriented simulation frameworks to help researchers select the appropriate one for their specific purpose. The second goal is to combine the common features derived from the review into one unifying framework that can describe and prescribe various specific approaches. The focus of this paper is on the common functionalities of service-oriented simulations reflected in the review and unifying framework. In particular, we emphasize the way SOAs and M&amp;S are combined, and the interoperability and composability challenges of distributed M&amp;S services. We describe some fundamental concepts first. Then we present a comprehensive survey of several classical frameworks, including formalism-based, model-driven, interoperability protocol based, eXtensible Modeling and Simulation Framework (XMSF), Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) based, and ontology-driven frameworks. Based on the review, we propose a novel three-dimensional reference model that can unify the ad hoc approaches into a common framework. The model can be used as a guideline or an analytic means to find potential and possible future directions. In particular, the model inspects the crossover between the disciplines of M&amp;S, service-orientation, and software\/systems engineering. Based on the model, we present a detailed comparison of the reviewed frameworks. Finally the significance of the paper is discussed and future directions are recommended. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549710391838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,22]],"date-time":"2010-12-22T02:49:29Z","timestamp":1292986169000},"page":"221-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Service-oriented simulation framework: An overview and unifying methodology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"87","author":[{"family":"Wenguang Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Engineering, College of Information Systems and Management, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,"}]},{"family":"Weiping Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Engineering, College of Information Systems and Management, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}]},{"family":"Yifan Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Engineering, College of Information Systems and Management, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}]},{"family":"Qun Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Engineering, College of Information Systems and Management, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,21]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"M&S in the GIG environment: an expanded view of distributing simulation","year":"2004","author":"Numrich SK","key":"atypb1"},{"unstructured":"Erl T. 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