{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:43:33Z","timestamp":1777902213037,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Virtual evaluation of complex command and control concepts demands the use of heterogeneous simulation environments. Development challenges include how to integrate multiple simulation engines with varying semantics and how to integrate simulation models and manage the complex interactions between them. While existing simulation frameworks may provide many of the required run-time services needed to coordinate among multiple simulation engines, they lack an overarching integration approach that connects and relates the interoperability of heterogeneous domain models and their interactions. This paper outlines some of the challenges encountered in developing a command and control simulation environment and discusses our use of the Generic Modeling Environment tool suite to create a model-based integration approach that allows for rapid synthesis of complex high-level architecture-based simulation environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549711401950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T23:40:11Z","timestamp":1300405211000},"page":"217-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Rapid synthesis of high-level architecture-based heterogeneous simulation: a model-based integration approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Graham","family":"Hemingway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Neema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harmon","family":"Nine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janos","family":"Sztipanovits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Karsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549711401950","volume-title":"Understanding command and control","author":"Alberts DS","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549711401950","unstructured":"HLA standard. \u2018IEEE standard for modeling and simulation (M&S) high-level architecture (HLA) \u2013 framework and rules\u2019, http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/servlet\/opac?punumber=7179."},{"key":"bibr3-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/268437.268465"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.585163"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549711401950","unstructured":"Portico RTI. http:\/\/www.porticoproject.org."},{"key":"bibr6-0037549711401950","unstructured":"UML \u2013 Unified Modeling Language. \u2018The Object Management Group\u2019, http:\/\/www.uml.org."},{"key":"bibr7-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45923-5_12"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549711401950","first-page":"71","volume":"5","author":"Tolvanen JP","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Inf Sci"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549711401950","volume-title":"Domain-specific development with visual studio DSL tools","author":"Cook S","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549711401950","unstructured":"Matlab\/Simulink. \u2018Get Started with MATLAB\u2019, http:\/\/www.mathworks.com."},{"key":"bibr11-0037549711401950","unstructured":"Google Earth. http:\/\/earth.google.com."},{"key":"bibr12-0037549711401950","unstructured":"OMNeT++. http:\/\/www.omnetpp.org."},{"key":"bibr13-0037549711401950","unstructured":"CPN Tools. http:\/\/cpntools.org."},{"key":"bibr14-0037549711401950","unstructured":"DEVSJAVA. http:\/\/devs-suitesim.sf.net."},{"key":"bibr15-0037549711401950","unstructured":"Delta3D. http:\/\/www.delta3d.org."},{"key":"bibr16-0037549711401950","volume-title":"Proceedings of 7th Workshop on Practical Use of Coloured Petri Nets and the CPN Tools","author":"Westergaard M","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549711401950","first-page":"9","author":"Vangheluwe H","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of AIS2002"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549704050532"},{"key":"bibr19-0037549711401950","first-page":"82","author":"Agrawal A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Optimization of Middleware and Distributed Systems"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DATE.2001.915114"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549711401950","first-page":"439","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Design Automation Conference","author":"Rowson J","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr22-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DAC.1992.227848"},{"key":"bibr23-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AMS.2007.52"},{"key":"bibr24-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DISRTA.2000.874068"},{"key":"bibr25-0037549711401950","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd Conference on Winter Simulation (WSC \u201900)","author":"Henriksen JO","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr26-0037549711401950","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Web-based Modeling and Simulation","author":"Klein U","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr27-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.319354"},{"key":"bibr28-0037549711401950","volume-title":"Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop (SIW)","author":"Zeigler BP","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr29-0037549711401950","first-page":"1086","volume-title":"Proceedings of Summer Simulation Multiconference (SummerSim\u201907), The Society for Modeling and Simulation International","author":"Zacharewicz G","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr30-0037549711401950","unstructured":"HLA Toolbox for developing and executing HLA federates from MATLAB. http:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/products\/connections\/product_main.html?prod_id=696&prod_name=HLA%20Toolbox."},{"key":"bibr31-0037549711401950","unstructured":"ForwardSim Inc. http:\/\/www.forwardsim.com\/."},{"key":"bibr32-0037549711401950","unstructured":"MATLAB and Simulink interfaces to HLA and DIS based distributed simulation environments. http:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/products\/connections\/product_main.html?prod_id=696&prod_name=HLA%20Toolbox."},{"key":"bibr33-0037549711401950","unstructured":"M\u00c4K Technologies. http:\/\/www.mak.com\/."},{"key":"bibr34-0037549711401950","first-page":"187","volume":"17","author":"Sarjoughian HS","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans Soc Comput Simulat Int"},{"key":"bibr35-0037549711401950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361026.361034"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549711401950","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549711401950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:23:04Z","timestamp":1777634584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549711401950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549711401950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549711401950","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]]}}}