{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:43:52Z","timestamp":1777902232442,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Passenger falls on escalators are one of the major causes of accidents. Falls can either be passenger caused or escalator caused. Unplanned stops of escalators can cause passenger falls and consequential injury in the form of cuts, bruises, finger entrapment and, in certain cases, crushing leading to suffocation. In order to better understand the kinematics of passenger falls on escalators, MATLAB-based software has been developed. It simulates the effect of an acceleration signal on a rectangular block. The most important parameter of the rectangular solid block is the center of gravity ratio, which is defined relative to the axis around which the fall can take place. The model is then practically verified by subjecting an actual wooden rectangular block of a specific center of gravity ratio to an acceleration signal and taking a video of the fall. The acceleration signal is measured and fed into the model. The video is analyzed frame by frame in order to use time-lapse photography to compare the falling block with the output of the model. Good agreement has been achieved. Data on the human body is analyzed in order to arrive at an appropriate value of the center of gravity ratio for the human body. This value is further adjusted to account for variability in the human body, and expected human behavior, up to a value of 10. This result is then used to arrive at a limit on the maximum value of acceleration form the escalator braking system in order to prevent escalator-initiated passenger falls. Applying knowledge of the variability of the expected maximum acceleration from successive escalator stops is then applied to arrive at the final value of 1.16 m\u00b7s\n                    <jats:sup>\u20132<\/jats:sup>\n                    as the recommended value to be used as a design and acceptance value for escalator braking system performance in order to prevent passenger falls.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549712436433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T22:06:15Z","timestamp":1329861975000},"page":"988-998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modeling and verification of the kinematics of passenger falls on escalators"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Lutfi","family":"Al-Sharif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad H","family":"Dado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Habash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeina El","family":"Rawashdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ala\u2019a","family":"Al-Shubbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Jordan, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549712436433","volume-title":"proceedings of the 2nd international conference on building electrical technology","author":"Al-Sharif L"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549712436433","unstructured":"Metro Consulting Engineers. A quantified risk assessment study of lifts and escalators on the underground: part two. Non-compliance with EN 115, MET\/LE\/101\/2, 21 July 1995."},{"key":"bibr3-0037549712436433","unstructured":"Pittard V. Research into human behavior on escalators at rail transport installations: human factors investigation. IR\/L\/EWP\/95\/8, Health and Safety Laboratory, 1995."},{"key":"bibr4-0037549712436433","unstructured":"Swift PK, Brennan IC. Research into human behavior on escalators at rail transport installations: acceleration measurements. IR\/L\/ME\/95\/3, Health and Safety Laboratory, 1995."},{"key":"bibr5-0037549712436433","unstructured":"Dorn MR. Escalator safety dynamic modeling: final report. FNC5094\/9630R, Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd., 1995."},{"key":"bibr6-0037549712436433","first-page":"6","volume":"22","author":"Al-Sharif L","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lift Rep"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549712436433","volume-title":"proceedings of the 1st international conference building electrical technology professional network (BETNET) conference (BETNET 2004)","author":"Al-Sharif L"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549712436433","volume-title":"proceedings of Elevcon 2010, the 18th international congress on vertical transportation technologies","author":"Al-Sharif L"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549712436433","unstructured":"Stein W, Ludwig R. \u201cBrakes for escalators and moving walks\u201d, Lift Report, Volume 29, Issue 1, January\/February 2003, pages: 40\u201345."},{"key":"bibr10-0037549712436433","volume-title":"proceedings of the 6th Jordanian international mechanical engineering conference (JIMEC\u20196)","author":"Al-Sharif L"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549712436433","volume-title":"proceedings of Elevcon 2010, the 18th international congress on vertical transportation technologies","author":"Ise Y"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549712436433","unstructured":"Elert G (ed.). Size of a shoe: more body proportions, The Physics Factbook, http:\/\/hypertextbook.com\/facts\/2007\/shoesize.shtml (Accessed January 2009)."},{"key":"bibr13-0037549712436433","unstructured":"SoftMoc. Shoe size guide, www.softmoc.com\/us\/shoesize.asp (Accessed January 2009)."},{"key":"bibr14-0037549712436433","unstructured":"Ferrario M, Hubbard A. Investigation into the causes of passenger accidents on escalators: management report. Human Reliability Associates, reference R93\/06, May 1993."},{"key":"bibr15-0037549712436433","unstructured":"Ferrario M, Hubbard A. Investigation into the causes of passenger accidents on escalators. Technical report 3: behavioural analysis, Human Reliability Associates, reference R93\/06, May 1993."}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549712436433","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549712436433","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:23:39Z","timestamp":1777634619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549712436433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549712436433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549712436433","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]}}}