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As a generator, however, its turbine generates mechanical power that can be considered as a new source for dispersed generation. To study the dynamics of turbo-expander systems, we first introduce a detailed model that incorporates components such as the preheater, reheater, nozzle angle, and the turbine. This model is validated using empirical data collected from thermo-dynamic analysis. To be specific, we also investigated the effects of using a variable-angle nozzle versus a fixed-angle nozzle turbine. As an application in distribution networks, we looked into the use of turbo-expander driven generators as highly efficient components. The dynamic behavior and transient stability of such generators are thoroughly analyzed for disturbances in either mechanical or electrical parts using the proposed model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549712469661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]],"date-time":"2013-01-16T00:04:32Z","timestamp":1358294672000},"page":"234-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Modeling turbo-expander systems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Mehdi Taleshian","family":"Jelodar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Rastegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein Askarian","family":"Abyaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549712469661","first-page":"26","author":"Cleveland A","year":"1990","journal-title":"ASME"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549712469661","first-page":"1","volume-title":"power and energy society general meeting - 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