{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1777902259985,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Microscopic traffic simulation tools are increasingly being employed as an integral part of modeling vehicular traffic and pedestrian activity. However, the complexity of pedestrians\u2019 behaviors and their interactions with the various components of the traffic network is commonly under-represented in simulation models, resulting in potentially misleading analyses. This paper explores modeling pedestrians at the microscopic level, attempting to replicate observed pedestrian behavior at a crosswalk in Midtown Atlanta, GA. The VISSIM\u00ae simulation tool, with pedestrian movement based on the Social Force Model by Helbing and Moln\u00e1r (Social Force Model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys Rev E 1995; 51: 4282-4286), is utilized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Comparative results of field observations and the microscopic modeling of the same vehicle and pedestrian activity are presented. A primary observation is that, for the intersection studied, only a small percentage of pedestrians appear to comply with the pedestrian signal indication, with the vast majority of pedestrians exhibiting gap-seeking behavior, crossing when a gap is available, regardless of the signal indication. This results in potentially significant over-estimates of wait time if high pedestrian signal compliance rates are assumed. A second notable observation is that the pedestrian crossing behavior is strongly related to the cross-street traffic queue clearance time and subsequent traffic flow. Capturing this interaction significantly enhances the models\u2019 ability to reflect the observed field performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549712469843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T22:26:39Z","timestamp":1358202399000},"page":"213-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Modeling pedestrian crossing activities in an urban environment using microscopic traffic simulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Wonho","family":"Suh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwayne","family":"Henclewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Booz Allen Hamilton, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angshuman","family":"Guin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Guensler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549712469843","unstructured":"Legion Pedestrian Simulation. Legion International Limited, http:\/\/www.legion.com (accessed 15 May 2012)."},{"key":"bibr2-0037549712469843","unstructured":"SimWalk: The Human Movement Simulator. Savannah Simulations AG, http:\/\/www.simwalk.com (accessed 15 May 2012)."},{"key":"bibr3-0037549712469843","unstructured":"PedGo: Pedestrian Evacuation Simulation. TraffGo, GmbH, http:\/\/www.traffgo-ht.com\/de\/pedestrians\/products\/pedgo\/index.html (accessed 15 May 2012)."},{"key":"bibr4-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2011.02.005"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549712469843","unstructured":"Castle CJE. Agent-based modelling of pedestrian evacuation: a study of London\u2019s King\u2019s Cross underground station. PhD Dissertation, University College London, 2007."},{"key":"bibr6-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549703254540"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.51.4282"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549705052772"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549712469843","author":"B\u00f6nisch C","year":"2009","journal-title":"traffic and granular flow \u201909"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1636-14"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(2009)135:6(338)"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549712469843","first-page":"280","volume":"40","author":"Yang J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transp Res A"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1578-08"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1878-08"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549712469843","volume-title":"the 11th annual North American PTV user group meeting","author":"Schroeder B"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1646-05"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1852-07"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2027-04"},{"key":"bibr19-0037549712469843","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1636-06"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549712469843","volume-title":"Highway Capacity Manual 2010","author":"Transportation Research Board","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549712469843","volume-title":"VISSIM 5.10 user manual","author":"PTV","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr22-0037549712469843","volume-title":"Manual on uniform traffic control devices","author":"Federal Highway Administration","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549712469843","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549712469843","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549712469843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:24:22Z","timestamp":1777634662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549712469843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549712469843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549712469843","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]}}}