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By using (i) empathy, (ii) cognitive model, (iii) prototyping and testing, and (iv) validation, an interdisciplinary development team was able to successfully build and validate a training system for lumbar disc surgery. The training system consists of a realistic training model based on synthetic materials and an accompanying training concept. It allows the training of different scenarios, starting from basic surgical tasks to complex surgeries with different complications. This article describes the development process and the results of the validation of the training system. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549713496151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,30]],"date-time":"2013-10-30T03:18:44Z","timestamp":1383103124000},"page":"1436-1441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Design and development process of a next-generation training system for spinal surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Gerold","family":"Bausch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Surgical Training Technologies, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Adermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Andrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Surgical Training Technologies, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Dengl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Handwerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Surgical Training Technologies, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Surgical Training Technologies, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Surgical Training Technologies, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hanno","family":"Steinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Surgical Training Technologies, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Korb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Surgical Training Technologies, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Meixensberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery ICCAS, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549713496151","first-page":"270","volume":"24","author":"Jost JO","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chirurgische Gastroenterol"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549713496151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2005.15.474"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549713496151","first-page":"121","volume":"6","author":"Korb W","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assisted Radiol Surg"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549713496151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrack B, Byrnes T, Bernal Vera LE, Use of a surgeon as a validation instrument in a high-fidelity simulation environment. 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