{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:44:41Z","timestamp":1777902281602,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]],"date-time":"2013-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The subject of norm formation and diffusion has gained lots of attention in social science and organizational science in the last decade. This paper explores how public dissenters in acquired firms can affect success or failure of merger and acquisition (M&amp;A). In the classical relative-agreement model, all individuals observe their neighbors\u2019 behavior and update their own opinion and behavior following the same rule. This paper proposes a new heterogeneous relative-agreement model where individuals update their behavior following different rules after M&amp;A. Simulation experiments show that the time shortly after acquisition is a key period to guide the acculturation in a way consistent with the intent of the acquiring firm, and that the risk of cultural norm reversing after acquisition is influenced by several important factors. Some suggestions for guiding the acculturation process after M&amp;A are also provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549713508301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,8]],"date-time":"2013-11-08T00:18:20Z","timestamp":1383869900000},"page":"1523-1537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adaptation of cultural norms after merger and acquisition based on the heterogeneous agent-based relative-agreement model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Hou","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management, Wuhan University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549713508301","unstructured":"Deffuant G, Amblard F, Weisbuch G, How can extremism prevail? A study based on the relative agreement interaction model. J Artif Soc Soc Simulat 2002. http:\/\/jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk\/5\/4\/1.html."},{"key":"bibr2-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8400287"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549713508301","first-page":"32: 519","author":"Shenkar O","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Int Bus Stud"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AME.1991.4274675"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549713508301","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiagent Systems","author":"Walker A","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr6-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10588-006-9545-7"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1043463107077386"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012530"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549710387940"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1988.4306790"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549713508301","first-page":"57","author":"Cartwright S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acad Manag Exec"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.591"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(00)00398-8"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549713508301","first-page":"43","volume":"13","author":"Latan\u00e9 B","year":"1997","journal-title":"Progr Comm Sci"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16999-21"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0362-546X(01)00574-0"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549713508301","unstructured":"Groeber P, Schweitzer F, Press K. How groups can foster consensus: the case of local cultures. J Artif Soc Soc Simulat, 2009. http:\/\/jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk\/12\/2\/4.html."},{"key":"bibr18-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712308090536"},{"key":"bibr19-0037549713508301","first-page":"403","volume":"4","author":"Galam S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Phys J B Condens Matter"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.046123"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129183102003942"},{"key":"bibr22-0037549713508301","volume-title":"Tyranny of the status quo","author":"Friedman M","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr23-0037549713508301","first-page":"298","volume":"14","author":"Moscovici S","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comm Yearbk"},{"key":"bibr24-0037549713508301","volume-title":"Diffusion of innovations","author":"Rogers EM","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr25-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.539"},{"key":"bibr26-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa066082"},{"key":"bibr27-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521848"},{"key":"bibr28-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/225469"},{"key":"bibr29-0037549713508301","volume-title":"Small worlds: the dynamics of networks between order and randomness","author":"Watts DJ","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr30-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/30918"},{"key":"bibr31-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2006.06.018"},{"key":"bibr32-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0706154"},{"key":"bibr33-0037549713508301","unstructured":"Niche [web entry]. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niche. Accessed July 6, 2012."},{"key":"bibr34-0037549713508301","volume-title":"The long tail: why the future of business is selling less of more","author":"Anderson C","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr35-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2008.03.033"},{"key":"bibr36-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10588-005-6282-2"},{"key":"bibr37-0037549713508301","unstructured":"Salzarulo L. A continuous opinion dynamics model based on the principle of meta-contrast. J Artif Soc Soc Simulat 2006. http:\/\/jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk\/9\/1\/13.html."},{"key":"bibr38-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219525900000078"},{"key":"bibr39-0037549713508301","first-page":"8","volume":"2","author":"Windrum P","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Artif Soc Soc Simulat"},{"key":"bibr40-0037549713508301","unstructured":"Hales D, Rouchier J, Edmonds B. Model-to-model analysis. J Artif Soc Soc Simulat 2003. http:\/\/jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk\/6\/4\/5.html."},{"key":"bibr41-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2011.03.037"},{"key":"bibr42-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019521325295"},{"key":"bibr43-0037549713508301","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Schweiger DM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv Mergers Acquisitions"},{"key":"bibr44-0037549713508301","unstructured":"Wilensky U. Netlogo, Evanston, Il: Northwestern University, Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, http:\/\/ccl.northwestern.edu\/netlogo (1999). Accessed May 8, 2012."},{"key":"bibr45-0037549713508301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00262-X"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549713508301","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549713508301","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549713508301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:25:01Z","timestamp":1777634701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549713508301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549713508301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549713508301","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,7]]}}}