{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1777902295813,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reusability is an important quality attribute for defense modeling and simulation (MS) due to the ever-changing combat simulations and new requirements. There has been research conducted worldwide for reusing simulation models. The methods proposed in these studies (including One Semi-Automated Forces (OneSAF)) support reuse of simulation components in the development of new models. As the reuse units in the existing methods are at the simulation component level, when existing components do not satisfy new simulation requirements, new components have to be developed and maintained separately from the existing ones. However, simulation components in the same domain tend to have common parts; behavior models for tactical missions and battlefield functions in the same domain are derived from the same tactical doctrine\/manual, and thus they tend to have a common structure. There is a need for a new method to maximize reusability by providing \u201cfine-grained\u201d reuse, i.e. composing simulation components from reusable fine-grained modules (i.e. behaviors\/functions). We address the problem by applying the product line engineering concept to the development of simulation components. Commonalities and variabilities (CVs) of domain-specific simulation requirements and CVs of tactical behaviors and battlefield functions are identified in domain-oriented variability modeling. Then, the CVs are used to design and implement domain-specific simulation component assets with domain-specific tactical behaviors and battlefield functions while embedding the identified variabilities. These domain-specific component assets are instantiated based on selections of variabilities and then integrated to develop a simulation model. Feasibility of the method was demonstrated in an infantry squad combat domain of the Republic of Korea armed forces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549714525679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T23:23:59Z","timestamp":1395185039000},"page":"438-459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Domain-oriented variability modeling for reuse of simulation models"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Hyesun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Seok","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPID Consulting Co Ltd, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyo Chul","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jai-Jeong","family":"Pyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549714525679","volume-title":"The military simulation and virtual training market 2012\u20132022","author":"Visiongain","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549714525679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/256563.256956"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549714525679","first-page":"197","volume":"76","author":"Won K","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quarterly J Defense Policy Studies"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549714525679","first-page":"57","volume":"53","author":"Kim J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Quarterly J of Defense Policy Studies"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549714525679","first-page":"2003","volume-title":"Korea spring conference on simulation 2003","author":"Lee H"},{"key":"bibr6-0037549714525679","unstructured":"Zyda M. Serious games and their role in defense modeling, simulation, and analysis. Defense modeling, simulation, and analysis: meeting the challenge. Committee on Modeling and Simulation for Defense Transformation, National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA: The National Academies Press, 2006."},{"key":"bibr7-0037549714525679","unstructured":"Wittman RLJr, Harrison CT. OneSAF: a product line approach to simulation development. Report, The MITRE Corporation. Report no. ADA460127, 2001."},{"key":"bibr8-0037549714525679","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Simulation conference and exhibition (SimTecT 2005)","author":"Wittman RL","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549714525679","volume-title":"Simulation conference and exhibition (SimTeCT 2002)","author":"Wittman RL"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549714525679","volume-title":"Fall 1997 simulation interoperability workshop","author":"Courtemanche AJ","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549714525679","volume-title":"A visual language for composable simulation scenarios","author":"Bartley CR","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549714525679","volume-title":"15th European simulation symposium","author":"Hofmann M","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549714525679","unstructured":"The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition Technology. DoD modeling and simulation (M&S) glossary. Manual, DoD 5000.59-M. Washington, DC, USA, 1998."},{"key":"bibr14-0037549714525679","volume-title":"Software product lines: practices and patterns","author":"Clements P","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549714525679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-28901-1"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549714525679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71437-8"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549714525679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA235785"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549714525679","unstructured":"Object Management Group (OMG). Unified modeling language (UML), superstructure version 2.4.1, http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/UML\/2.4.1\/. (2011, accessed March 8, 2014)."},{"key":"bibr19-0037549714525679","first-page":"137","volume-title":"11th international conference on software reuse (ICSR 2009)","author":"Lee H"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549714525679","unstructured":"SISO-STD-007-2008. Standard for military scenario definition language (MSDL). Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO), Orlando, FL, USA, 2008."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr21-0037549714525679","first-page":"143","volume":"5","author":"Kang KC","journal-title":"Annals Software Engr"},{"key":"bibr22-0037549714525679","unstructured":"Conwell CL. Joint warfare simulation object library, joint warfare taxonomy. Report, Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Center RDT and E Division. Report no. NCCOSC\/RDT\/E-TD-2808. 1995. San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"bibr23-0037549714525679","unstructured":"The ROK Joint Chiefs of Staff. Army weapon effectiveness analysis model (AWAM), 2007."},{"key":"bibr24-0037549714525679","unstructured":"Headquarters, Department of the Army. Army universal task list (INCL C1-10). FM 7-15, 2009, Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"bibr25-0037549714525679","author":"RealtimeVisual, ROK","year":"2010","journal-title":"ROK army infantry squad task study"},{"key":"bibr26-0037549714525679","unstructured":"Sheroke RM, Abell JM, Juarascio SS, Programmer\/analyst guide for the army unit resiliency analysis (AURA) computer simulation model. Volume 1. AURA methodology. Report, Army Ballistic Research Lab. Report no., BRL-TR-3156-VOL-1. 1990. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA."},{"key":"bibr27-0037549714525679","author":"Ministry of National Defense, ROK","year":"2012","journal-title":"2012 national defense white paper"},{"key":"bibr28-0037549714525679","volume-title":"C++template metaprogramming: concepts, tools, and techniques from boost and beyond","author":"Abrahams D","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr29-0037549714525679","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/97946.97982"},{"key":"bibr30-0037549714525679","volume-title":"Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software","author":"Gamma E","year":"1995"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549714525679","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549714525679","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549714525679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:25:18Z","timestamp":1777634718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549714525679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549714525679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549714525679","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]]}}}