{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1777902295737,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article discusses the dynamics inherent in modeling and simulation (M&amp;S) standards development processes within the context of the competitive struggle for resources and market dominance. A conceptual framework is presented that provides the theoretical logic for the tension between inclusive, consensus-driven standards development processes and exclusive, preferential processes. Standards development is conceptualized as a porous process subject to both cooperative interests and competitive pressures. We elucidate how the tension between these two process ideals shapes the adoption and conformity of M&amp;S standards and, in turn, how these processes facilitate broader system values. Normative questions are explicated about the proper tradeoffs among the desire to realize collective efficiencies gained through standards, the drive to create, own, and financially exploit new, emerging technologies through the concept of intellectual property, and the objective of economic development through fostering innovation. Both the organizational and individual incentives to engage in standards processes are discussed, together with how the politics of participation may shape standards development. This research contributes a compelling theoretical perspective not fully developed in the growing and changing discipline of M&amp;S. The significance of exploring these questions is found in that there is a national interest in M&amp;S standards development activities that contribute to our technological innovation and economic competitiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549714531055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T13:30:01Z","timestamp":1399383001000},"page":"591-605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling and simulation standards development, adoption and conformity in the attainment of system values: A framework for the tension between two process ideals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Joshua G","family":"Behr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2011.2106495"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549714531055","volume-title":"Standards mark the course of economic progress","author":"Krechmer K","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549714531055","volume-title":"The theory of social and economic organization","author":"Weber M","year":"1947"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549714531055","first-page":"509","volume":"38","author":"Rubin JL","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rutgers Law J"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549714531055","volume-title":"Standards policy and information infrastructure","author":"Lehr W","year":"1995"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr6-0037549714531055","first-page":"33","volume":"32","author":"Su-Han VT","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Singapore Armed Forces"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549714531055","unstructured":"Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO). Document SISO-std-013-draft."},{"key":"bibr8-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511808678"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549714531055","volume-title":"The ISO methodology, economic benefits of consensus-based standards","author":"International Organization for Standardization (ISO)","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jitsr.2009010103"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549714531055","unstructured":"American National Standards Institute (ANSI). American National Standards Institute: overview. www.ansi.org\/about_ansi\/overview\/overview (Accessed March 18, 2014)."},{"key":"bibr12-0037549714531055","unstructured":"International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). International Electrotechnical Commission: international standards (IS). www.iec.ch\/standardsdev\/publications\/is.htm (Accessed January 23, 2014)."},{"key":"bibr13-0037549714531055","unstructured":"World Standards Cooperation (WSC). World Standards Cooperation: about WSC. http:\/\/worldstandardscooperation.org\/ (Accessed January 16, 2014)."},{"key":"bibr14-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549707078851"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549714531055","unstructured":"Updegrove A. The essential guide to standards. www.consortiuminfo.org (2014)."},{"key":"bibr16-0037549714531055","volume-title":"International standardization as a strategic tool: measuring the performance of standard setting organizations","author":"Simcoe TS","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549714531055","volume-title":"15th biennial International Telecommunications Society europe conference","author":"Garcia DL","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549714531055","volume-title":"Rulemaking: how government agencies write law and make policy","author":"Kerwin CM","year":"1999","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr19-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439303021002003"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.58948\/2331-3528.1772","volume":"31","author":"Farina CR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pace Law Rev"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549714531055","volume-title":"Economic benefits of standards \u2013 international case studies","author":"Gerundino D","year":"2011","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr22-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2010.06.011"},{"key":"bibr23-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1619258.1619290"},{"key":"bibr24-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549710391838"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr25-0037549714531055","first-page":"65","volume":"5","author":"Tolk A","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Syst Cybern Inf"},{"key":"bibr26-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549710373910"},{"key":"bibr27-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIIT.2001.968568"},{"key":"bibr28-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/23044051"},{"key":"bibr29-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4337\/9781035305155","volume-title":"The economics of standards: theory, evidence, policy","author":"Blind K","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr30-0037549714531055","volume-title":"Coordinating technology: studies in the international standardization of telecommunications","author":"Schmidt SK","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr31-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9701.2010.01300.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr32-0037549714531055","first-page":"3","volume":"11","author":"Werle R","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci Stud"},{"key":"bibr33-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041660"},{"key":"bibr34-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-5805(98)00073-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr35-0037549714531055","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"Updegrove A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stand Today"},{"key":"bibr36-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199209)43:8<538::AID-ASI4>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"bibr37-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/41165984"},{"key":"bibr38-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08997764.2010.527206"},{"key":"bibr39-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jitsr.2010120704"},{"key":"bibr40-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3094830"},{"key":"bibr41-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.1090.0541"},{"key":"bibr42-0037549714531055","volume-title":"The tipping point","author":"Gladwell M","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr43-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.41.9.1493"},{"key":"bibr44-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jitsr.2003010101"},{"key":"bibr45-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540701738193"},{"key":"bibr46-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10196780500302849"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr47-0037549714531055","first-page":"110","volume":"88","author":"Unruh G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Harvard Bus Rev"},{"key":"bibr48-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3094804"},{"key":"bibr49-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1110.0652"},{"key":"bibr50-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/226550"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr51-0037549714531055","first-page":"5","volume":"11","author":"Lynch CA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inf Stand Q"},{"key":"bibr52-0037549714531055","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Standards policy for information infrastructure","author":"Spring MB","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr53-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.102.1.305"},{"key":"bibr54-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3480538"},{"key":"bibr55-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3106154"},{"key":"bibr56-0037549714531055","volume-title":"Global dimensions of intellectual property rights in science and technology","author":"David PA","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr57-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-5961(02)00007-1"},{"key":"bibr58-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3069353"},{"key":"bibr59-0037549714531055","author":"Mu\u00f1oz AM","year":"2007","journal-title":"ASTM International"},{"key":"bibr60-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/25148766"},{"key":"bibr61-0037549714531055","volume-title":"International standardization as a strategic tool: the entrepreneur and standards","author":"Krechmer K","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr62-0037549714531055","first-page":"4","author":"Hall J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Defense Stand Program J"},{"key":"bibr63-0037549714531055","volume-title":"Thirteenth annual report on federal agency use of voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment","author":"Donaldson MF","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr64-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.75.5.1"},{"key":"bibr65-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.15.5.215"},{"key":"bibr66-0037549714531055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1040.0300"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549714531055","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549714531055","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549714531055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:25:25Z","timestamp":1777634725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549714531055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549714531055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549714531055","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}