{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:45:55Z","timestamp":1777902355936,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]],"date-time":"2016-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For the development of advanced driving assistance and automation systems the simulation plays an important role. Urban areas get increasing emphasis, especially in the context of future Car2X-communication. This article describes an approach developed in the project Virtual World. Its goal is to model such virtual three-dimensional (3D) environments and logical road descriptions automatically based on a tool chain from heterogeneous geographic datasets (e.g., cadastral data, road surveying, aerial pictures, and crowd-sourced data). As proof of concept, the urban area of Braunschweig, Germany, was chosen. The article focuses on the generation of a 3D city model with corresponding road network description suitable for driving and traffic simulations as used in research and industry. The article gives technical descriptions of the major work steps and discusses issues regarding the availability of data. It concludes with the current project outcome and further development in the project.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549716641201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T14:58:19Z","timestamp":1460127499000},"page":"437-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Challenges and experiences in using heterogeneous, geo-referenced data for automatic creation of driving simulator environments"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Richter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transportation Systems, German Aerospace Center, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transportation Systems, German Aerospace Center, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Friedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Center, German Aerospace Center, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ruppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Remote Sensing Data Center, German Aerospace Center, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"K\u00f6ster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transportation Systems, German Aerospace Center, Germany"},{"name":"Department on Intelligent Transportation Systems, University of Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549716641201","unstructured":"Richter A, Friedl H, Guraj V, Developing a toolchain for providing highly accurate 3D databases. Weimar, Germany: Verlag der Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar, 2011, pp.460\u2013465."},{"key":"bibr2-0037549716641201","unstructured":"Weiter J. Erstellen von 3D-Stadtmodellen aus nutzergenerierten, frei verf\u00fcgbaren Geodaten in Kombination mit der Esri CityEngine. Bachelor\u2019s Thesis, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, 2013."},{"key":"bibr3-0037549716641201","unstructured":"K\u00f6ster F, Pl\u00e4ttner J, Richter A, Rahmenbedingungen f\u00fcr den rationalen Einsatz von Fahrsimulatoren zur Entwicklung fortschrittlicher Assistenz- und Automatisierungssysteme. Braunschweig, Germany: ITS Niedersachsen e.V., 2013, pp.102\u2013113."},{"key":"bibr4-0037549716641201","unstructured":"VIRES Simulationstechnologie GmbH. OpenDRIVE - managing the road ahead, http:\/\/www.opendrive.org\/project.html (2011, accessed 15 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr5-0037549716641201","unstructured":"VIRES Simulationstechnologie GmbH. ROD - Road Designer - Product Sheet, http:\/\/vires.com\/docs\/Rod201306.pdf (2013, accessed 15 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr6-0037549716641201","unstructured":"Dupuis M, OpenDRIVE Format Specification, Rev. 1.3 Issue D, http:\/\/www.opendrive.org\/docs\/OpenDRIVEFormatSpecRev1.3D.pdf (2010, accessed 15 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr7-0037549716641201","unstructured":"Dupuis M, OpenDRIVE Format Specification, Rev. 1.4 Issue H, http:\/\/www.opendrive.org\/docs\/OpenDRIVEFormatSpecRev1.4H.pdf (2015, accessed 3 March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr8-0037549716641201","unstructured":"Krajzewicz D, Richter A, Behrisch M, Abbildung des Umgebungsverkehrs in einem Fahrsimulator. Berlin, Germany: VDI Verlag, 2013, pp.125\u2013135."},{"key":"bibr9-0037549716641201","first-page":"2341","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International IEEE Annual Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC 2013)","author":"L\u00f6per C"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549716641201","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549716641201","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549716641201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:27:04Z","timestamp":1777634824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549716641201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549716641201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549716641201","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]]}}}