{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:45:58Z","timestamp":1777902358830,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A continuous-review, base-stock inventory model considering lost sales is proposed for general compound demands and random lead times. This model is a generalized form of the ( S, d) policy, which has already been shown to be the best modified base-stock policy (MBSP) for Poisson demand and fixed lead times. In this paper, customers\u2019 inter-arrival times, demand sizes, and lead times are extended in a probabilistic situation with free distributions. Then, a hybrid simulation\u2013optimization approach is developed to handle these generalized conditions. This approach uses design of experiments, a simulation model, and regression analysis to obtain the long-run cost function of the system under this extended MBSP. The optimal settings of this policy are achieved using a mathematical optimization model. Employing a simulation model, a cost function, and mathematical models makes this approach applicable for finding the optimal settings even in the presence of realistic restrictions and uncertainties. Moreover, a simulation-based procedure is introduced to find the optimal stock level for the traditional base-stock policy. The applicability of the proposed approach is illustrated through a real-world case study. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is applied using a series of benchmark instances, and some robustness properties are shown.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549716644055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T01:41:18Z","timestamp":1462930878000},"page":"547-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Simulation\u2013optimization approach for a continuous-review, base-stock inventory model with general compound demands, random lead times, and lost sales"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Attar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, South-Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Sadigh","family":"Raissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, South-Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 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