{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:46:19Z","timestamp":1777902379409,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,26]],"date-time":"2017-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>10-gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (XG-PON), one of the latest standards of optical access networks, is regarded as one of the key technologies for future Internet access networks. This paper presents the design and evaluation of our XG-PON module for the ns-3 network simulator. This module is designed and implemented with the aim to provide a standards-compliant, configurable, and extensible module that can simulate XG-PON with reasonable speed and support a wide range of research topics. These include analyzing and improving the performance of XG-PON, studying the interactions between XG-PON and the upper-layer protocols, and investigating its integration with various wireless networks. In this paper, we discuss its design principles, describe the implementation details, and present an extensive evaluation on both functionality and performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549716682093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]],"date-time":"2017-01-28T14:03:36Z","timestamp":1485612216000},"page":"409-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Design, implementation, and evaluation of an XG-PON module for the ns-3 network simulator"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Jerome A","family":"Arokkiam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computer Science, University College Cork (UCC), Ireland"},{"name":"Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuchao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computer Science, University College Cork (UCC), Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth N","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computer Science, University College Cork (UCC), Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cormac J","family":"Sreenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computer Science, University College Cork (UCC), Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ruffini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549716682093","unstructured":"IEEE. 802.3ah: Ethernet in the First Mile, 2004."},{"key":"bibr2-0037549716682093","unstructured":"ITU. Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Networks (G-PON). Rec. G.984.x, 2008."},{"key":"bibr3-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2009.090205"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Postel J. Transmission control protocol - DARPA Internet program protocol specification. RFC 793, 1981.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc0793"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2009.2031127"},{"key":"bibr6-0037549716682093","unstructured":"ITU. 10-gigabit-capable passive optical networks (XG-PON) series of recommendations. G.987.x, 2010."},{"key":"bibr7-0037549716682093","unstructured":"3GPP. TS: 36.300 - Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), 2008."},{"key":"bibr8-0037549716682093","unstructured":"IEEE. IEEE Std. 802.16-2004, IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks - Part 16: Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems, 2004."},{"key":"bibr9-0037549716682093","unstructured":"The NS-3 network simulator, www.nsnam.org (2011, accessed 3 December 2003)."},{"key":"bibr10-0037549716682093","unstructured":"XG-PON simulation module for NS-3, http:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/xgpon4ns3\/ (2014, accessed 18 April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr11-0037549716682093","unstructured":"McCanne S, Floyd S. The LBNL network simulator (NS-2), www.isi.edu\/nsnam\/ns\/ (1997, accessed 17 November 2009)."},{"key":"bibr12-0037549716682093","first-page":"527","volume-title":"Sigcomm (Demo)","author":"Henderson TR","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2009.5198657"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/ICST.SIMUTOOLS2009.5644"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.simutools.2011.245571"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang CH. Dynamic bandwidth allocation MAC protocols for gigabit-capable passive optical networks. PhD Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, UK, 2008.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.743632"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549716682093","first-page":"99","volume-title":"2011 IEEE 3rd ICCSN, Xi\u2019an","author":"Peng Z"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549716682093","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2014 16th int. conf. transparent opt. networks","author":"Fernando DNV"},{"key":"bibr19-0037549716682093","first-page":"2543","volume-title":"2013 IEEE glob. commun. conf.","author":"Anthapadmanabhan NP"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549716682093","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2014 16th int. conf. transparent opt. networks","author":"Orphanoudakis TG"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549716682093","unstructured":"Technology R. OPNET Modeler, https:\/\/www.riverbed.com\/gb\/products\/steelcentral\/opnet.html?redirect=opnet (2015, accessed 20 June 2015)."},{"key":"bibr22-0037549716682093","unstructured":"Bodozoglou A. EPON for OMNeT++, https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/omneteponmodule\/ (2010, accessed 23 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr23-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021323331781"},{"key":"bibr24-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.889667"},{"key":"bibr25-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.simutools.2013.251605"},{"key":"bibr26-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JON.7.000783"},{"key":"bibr27-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.761"},{"key":"bibr28-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.13.0112.0061"},{"key":"bibr29-0037549716682093","unstructured":"Jain R, Chiu DMW, Hawe WR. A quantitative measure of fairness and discrimination for resource allocation in shared computer systems. DEC Research Report TR-301, 1984."},{"key":"bibr30-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1400097.1400105"},{"key":"bibr31-0037549716682093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2005.1574539"},{"key":"bibr32-0037549716682093","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks (PFLDnet 2008), Manchester, 2008","author":"Leith D"},{"key":"bibr33-0037549716682093","first-page":"2223","volume-title":"2014 IEEE global communications conference","author":"Arokkiam JA"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549716682093","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549716682093","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549716682093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:27:46Z","timestamp":1777634866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549716682093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,26]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549716682093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549716682093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,26]]}}}