{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T05:27:15Z","timestamp":1740979635848,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Randomness provided by pseudo-random number generators is the one of the most vital parts of cryptographic applications. There are two gaps in the cryptographic randomness test procedures used to evaluate the degree of randomness. Firstly, although there are more accurate alternatives, the usual chi-square test is directly applied regardless of the predictive power of the tests. Secondly, although there are more than 100 cryptographic randomness tests available in the literature of cryptography, the statistical characteristics and accuracy of those hypothesis tests have not been figured out by an extensive simulation study. To conduct appropriate and reliable hypothesis tests, the main statistical characteristics of the tests should be studied. In this article, the usage of alternatives to the chi-square test, such as Anderson\u2013Darling, Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov, and Jarque\u2013Bera tests, in testing the cryptographic randomness is proposed to get better statistical properties. Also, the effects of type-I error, sensitivity, specificity, power, negative predictive value, and goodness-of-fit tests on the accuracy of recently proposed and existing cryptographic randomness tests are evaluated by an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study. The results are beneficial for practitioners wishing to choose the most appropriate cryptographic randomness test procedure and for the evaluation of accuracy of the cryptographic randomness tests in the detection of non-randomness for cryptographic applications. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549717726145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T13:24:07Z","timestamp":1504013047000},"page":"1113-1122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A simulation study on the accuracy of cryptographic randomness tests"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Haydar","family":"Demirhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Hacettepe University, Turkey"},{"name":"School of Science, Mathematical Sciences, RMIT University, Australia"}]},{"given":"Nihan","family":"Bitirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council of Higher Education, Bilkent, Turkey"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549717726145","unstructured":"Brown RG, Eddelbuettel D, Bauer D. Dieharder: a random number test suite (version 3.31.1), http:\/\/webhome.phy.duke.edu~rgb\/General\/dieharder.php (2014, accessed 25 February 2015)."},{"key":"bibr2-0037549717726145","volume-title":"The art of computer programming, volume 2 \/ seminumerical algorithms","author":"Knuth DE","year":"1998","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549717726145","unstructured":"Marsaglia G. Diehard: a battery of tests of randomness, https:\/\/tams.informatik.uni-hamburg.de\/paper\/2001\/SA_Witt_Hartmann\/cdrom\/Internetseiten\/stat.fsu.edu\/diehard.html (1996, accessed 25 February 2015)."},{"key":"bibr4-0037549717726145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0040585X97978087"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549717726145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v007.i03"},{"first-page":"960","volume-title":"proceedings of the international conference computational science and its applications","author":"Hernandez JC","key":"bibr6-0037549717726145"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549717726145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3758(03)00149-6"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549717726145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspi.2004.02.010"},{"volume-title":"proceedings of national cryptology symposium II","author":"Doganaksoy A","key":"bibr9-0037549717726145"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549717726145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15388\/Informatica.2013.399"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549717726145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/626408"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549717726145","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"Demirhan H","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Statisticians: Stat Actuar Sci"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549717726145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soto J, Bassham L. Randomness testing of the advanced encryption standard finalist candidates, http:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/publications\/nistir\/ir6483.pdf (2000, accessed 13 August 2017).","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.6483"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549717726145","unstructured":"Demirhan H. Cryptrndtest: statistical tests for cryptographic randomness, https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/CryptRndTest\/CryptRndTest.pdf (2015, accessed 13 August 2017)."},{"key":"bibr15-0037549717726145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2016-016"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549717726145","unstructured":"Rukhin A, Soto J, Nechvatal J, et al. A statistical test suite for random and pseudorandom number generators for cryptographic applications, http:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/groups\/ST\/toolkit\/rng\/documents\/SP800-22rev1a.pdf (2010, accessed 17 June 2015)."},{"volume-title":"Sampling techniques","year":"1963","author":"Cochran WG","key":"bibr17-0037549717726145"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549717726145","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549717726145","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549717726145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T07:12:39Z","timestamp":1740899559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549717726145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549717726145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549717726145","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0037-5497"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-3133"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]}}}