{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:56:09Z","timestamp":1765976169876,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This paper reports on a survey capturing modelers\u2019 perspectives of Modeling and Simulation (M&amp;S). The survey was completed by a total of 283 respondents from the M&amp;S community with 167 fully completed surveys and 151 respondents identified as model builders. Participants include people from government, academia, and industry in varied roles ranging from researchers to business developers. Respondents also represent a diverse educational background ranging from oceanography, social sciences, and engineering. The survey focuses on three dimensions namely: (a) models and simulations, (b) participants, and (c) how participants interact with models\/simulations. We provide six observations from the data analysis: there is no dominating paradigm in M&amp;S, the agent-based community is distinct from the discrete-event community, conceptual modeling is the art of M&amp;S, simulation verification is mostly a trial and error activity, validate by all means necessary, and model accreditation is still too uncommon. A key finding from these observations is the identification of an over-reliance on informal methods for conceptualization and verification in M&amp;S. We posit that this over-reliance on informal methods challenges model\/simulation validity. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549717737159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T15:08:16Z","timestamp":1508857696000},"page":"493-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Observations on the practice and profession of modeling and simulation: A survey approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Jose J","family":"Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"}]},{"given":"Saikou Y","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6963(98)00021-7"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549717737159","first-page":"4136","volume-title":"Proceedings of the survey research methods section","author":"Flanigan TS","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/268992"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.27.2.3"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jssam\/smv003"},{"key":"bibr6-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2006.323194"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2006.323195"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2008.4736178"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549717737159","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"O\u2019Donoghue C","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Artif Soc Soc Simulat"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jos.2008.1"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878196273008"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jssam\/smu014"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jssam\/smt008"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549717737159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beede DN, Julian TA, Langdon D, Women in STEM: A gender gap to innovation. 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