{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:46:55Z","timestamp":1777902415780,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-voltage DC (LVDC) systems may soon become an integral part of our electric grid. Faults on DC lines are usually pole-to-ground faults that depend on the grounding arrangement of the DC system. The grounding of the LVDC system is not adequately covered in the literature and there is no comprehensive standard for it. This paper studies the effect of various grounding arrangements of the LVDC system on pole-to-ground fault protection. An overall scheme of the LVDC system is modeled and a pole-to-ground fault is placed on the DC lines. Possible grounding arrangements are analyzed employing MATLAB\/Simulink software and detailed discussion is given for each arrangement. Finally, simulation results are compared and a preferred grounding arrangement is selected with the objective of having selective and effective protection without device damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549717752069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T09:47:01Z","timestamp":1516096021000},"page":"441-449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Studying grounding arrangements of the LVDC system through simulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Arash","family":"Shabani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6938-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazem","family":"Mazlumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2003.818969"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2007.915997"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549717752069","first-page":"2521","volume-title":"2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference","author":"Georgakis D"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549717752069","first-page":"55","volume-title":"12th International Conference on Telecommunications Energy","author":"Mizuguchi K"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2006.883024"},{"key":"bibr6-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etep.1749"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5370\/JEET.2014.9.3.812"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5370\/JEET.2014.9.5.1501"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etep.1947"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2010.2044813"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2011.2162712"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549717752069","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2011 IEEE\/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition","author":"Candelaria J"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549717752069","first-page":"2880","volume-title":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","author":"Bucher MK"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549717752069","volume-title":"Power system stability and control","author":"Kundur P","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549717752069","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2011 International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal","author":"Mallick RK"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549717752069","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference","author":"Yang J"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549717752069","first-page":"72","volume-title":"2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition","author":"Cairoli P"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2009.2016622"},{"key":"bibr19-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2243478"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2267750"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549717752069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2007.899276"},{"key":"bibr22-0037549717752069","unstructured":"Kaipia T, Nuutinen P, Peltoniemi P, et al. A study of an LVDC distribution system grounding. In: Proceedings NORDAC 2008, Bergen City, September 2008. pp. 1\u20138. Norway: NORDAC."},{"key":"bibr23-0037549717752069","unstructured":"IEC 60364-1; 2005. Low voltage electrical installations. 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