{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:36:00Z","timestamp":1783600560463,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper evaluates the voltage security of the distribution networks in the presence of electric vehicles in the optimization framework. Accordingly, the main objective functions of this optimization problem include maximization of voltage security margin and minimization of operational cost. Also, it is supposed that the electric vehicles are equipped with bidirectional chargers to control active and reactive power in smart distribution networks, simultaneously. The objective functions are subject to the constraints of power flow equations, system operating limits and electric vehicle constraints. The proposed model is implemented on the 33-bus distribution network to evaluate the performance of the proposed optimization scheme for the management of the smart distribution networks in the presence of electric vehicles. The results show that the operational cost and network voltage security margin are reduced in the case of the higher electric vehicle penetration rate when electric vehicles are used for charging active power and reactive power control capability, with respect to the case that does not include electric vehicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549718778766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T05:46:31Z","timestamp":1528263991000},"page":"429-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Mathematical modeling of electric vehicles contributions in voltage security of smart distribution networks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Sasan","family":"Pirouzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamshid","family":"Aghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549718778766","unstructured":"US Energy Information Administration. International energy outlook2013, www.eia.gov\/ieo\/ (2013, accessed 29 May 2018)."},{"key":"bibr2-0037549718778766","unstructured":"Kisacikoglu MC. Vehicle-to-grid reactive power operation analysis of the EV\/PHEV bidirectional battery charger. University of Tennessee, 2013."},{"key":"bibr3-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.01.019"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2013.2291556"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2013.2251483"},{"key":"bibr6-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2355494"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2010.08.007"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2013.020413.122896"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2011.11.010"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2013.2291330"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000070"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2014.08.007"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2013.2251372"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000382"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000287"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2012.2232682"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549718778766","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Leou RC.","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Syst"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2014.01.014"},{"key":"bibr19-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2013.2242207"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2403287"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2376573"},{"key":"bibr22-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2015.10.005"},{"key":"bibr23-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2014.2316153"},{"key":"bibr24-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2015.05.026"},{"key":"bibr25-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2013.2252029"},{"key":"bibr26-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2360685"},{"key":"bibr27-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2015.2444390"},{"key":"bibr28-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2015.2409814"},{"key":"bibr29-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2014.2356551"},{"key":"bibr30-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2013.2281515"},{"key":"bibr31-0037549718778766","first-page":"12","volume":"26","author":"Khorramdel B","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"key":"bibr32-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2013.2290594"},{"key":"bibr33-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2014.2314065"},{"key":"bibr34-0037549718778766","first-page":"458","volume-title":"Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition 25th Annual IEEE","author":"Kisacikoglu MC","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr35-0037549718778766","first-page":"1033","author":"Pirouzi S","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Conf ICEE"},{"key":"bibr36-0037549718778766","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2013.2251007"},{"key":"bibr37-0037549718778766","first-page":"1","author":"Shafiee S","year":"2013","journal-title":"IET International Conf APSCOM"},{"key":"bibr38-0037549718778766","first-page":"31","volume":"4","author":"Farahani HF","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Renewable Sustainable Energy"},{"key":"bibr39-0037549718778766","first-page":"1","author":"Babu PR","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Conf INDICON"},{"key":"bibr40-0037549718778766","unstructured":"Generalized Algebraic Modelling Systems (GAMS), 2018, http:\/\/www.gams.com (accessed 29 May 2018)."}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549718778766","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549718778766","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549718778766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:29:23Z","timestamp":1777634963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549718778766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549718778766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549718778766","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]}}}