{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:47:45Z","timestamp":1777902465883,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper focuses on controlling traction for a four-wheel electric vehicle by using the longitudinal slip ratio control technique. By keeping the slip ratio value inside an optimal limit, it can be ensured that the maximum driving force is obtainable by increasing the friction force between tire and road. The usefulness of the sliding mode control method is to provide robust performance from the parameter uncertainties at different road conditions. A control law is formulated based upon the Lyapunov stability approach to assure the sliding action. To satisfy the robustness, a vehicle model is made in Matlab, and it is simulated based on various parameter values. The slip ratios at different parameter values are plotted for open loop and closed loop. Then considering the vehicle kinematics and dynamics, a 3D CAD model using Catia is developed. Then exporting the model to Adams to use it as a plant model for the vehicle, co-simulation has been achieved by keeping the slip-based traction controller in Matlab\/Simulink. Matlab\/Simulink and Adams\/View simulation validate the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549719897834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T04:54:13Z","timestamp":1579582453000},"page":"537-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Design of slip-based traction control system for EV and validation using co-simulation between Adams and Matlab\/Simulink"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudipta","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5084-5472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Muhammad","family":"Amrr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-03972-1_17"},{"key":"bibr2-0037549719897834","first-page":"221","volume":"2006","author":"Rajamani R","journal-title":"Veh Dyn Control"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549719897834","volume-title":"Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles","author":"Ehsani M","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549719897834","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Power Conversion Conference-PCC \u201897","volume":"1","author":"Hori Y"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2009.2016507"},{"key":"bibr6-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2003.815607"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20050703-6-CZ-1902.01904"},{"key":"bibr8-0037549719897834","first-page":"880","volume-title":"European control conference (ECC)","author":"Petersen I"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3516.752079"},{"key":"bibr10-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AMC.2000.862882"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2002.1040500","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 56th IEEE vehicular technology conference (VTC 2002)","volume":"3","author":"Pusca R"},{"key":"bibr12-0037549719897834","first-page":"688","volume-title":"Power conversion conference (PCC\u201907)","author":"Fujii K"},{"key":"bibr13-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2006.872363"},{"key":"bibr14-0037549719897834","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Proceedings of the world congress on engineering","volume":"1","author":"Nyandoro OT"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549719897834","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE conference on robotics, automation and mechatronics","author":"Ratiroch-Anant P"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/vesd.39.2.81.14159"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(97)00003-4"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20020721-6-ES-1901.01497"},{"key":"bibr19-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2008.0287"},{"key":"bibr20-0037549719897834","first-page":"973","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE international symposium on industrial electronics (ISIE\u201999)","volume":"2","author":"Sado H"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549719897834","first-page":"1379","volume-title":"IEEE international conference on control applications (CCA)","author":"Sui D"},{"key":"bibr22-0037549719897834","first-page":"1","volume":"102","author":"Hori Y","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEJ Rec Ind Meas Control"},{"key":"bibr23-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1299\/kikaic.77.3375"},{"key":"bibr24-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ica.2013.43038"},{"key":"bibr25-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898719185"},{"key":"bibr26-0037549719897834","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj3010001","volume":"3","author":"Tremblay O","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Electric Veh J"},{"key":"bibr27-0037549719897834","volume-title":"CATIA V5 FEA tutorials: release 19","author":"Zamani NG","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr28-0037549719897834","volume-title":"CATIA V5 Workbook Release 19","author":"Cozzens R","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr29-0037549719897834","first-page":"386","volume-title":"IEEE international conference on mechatronics (ICM)","author":"Cheraghpour F"},{"key":"bibr30-0037549719897834","unstructured":"Junwen X, Liaozhong T. 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