{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T12:02:18Z","timestamp":1759147338171,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shahid Behehshti University G.C.","award":["Sad\/600\/917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sad\/600\/917"]}]},{"name":"Artemis","award":["100035 SYSMODEL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100035 SYSMODEL"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The growing complexity of embedded and cyber-physical systems makes the design of all system components from scratch increasingly impractical. Consequently, already from early stages of a design flow, designers rely on prior experience, which comes in the form of legacy code or third-party intellectual property (IP) blocks. Current approaches partly address the co-simulation problem for specific scenarios in an ad hoc style. This work suggests a general method for co-simulation of heterogeneous IPs with a system modeling and simulation framework. The external IPs can be integrated as high-level models running in an external simulator or as software- and hardware-in-the-loop simulation with minimal effort. Examples of co-simulation scenarios for wrapping models with different semantics are presented together with their practical usage in two case studies. The presented method is also used to formulate a refinement-by-replacement workflow for IP-based system design. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549720921945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T10:16:15Z","timestamp":1591006575000},"page":"753-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Heterogeneous co-simulation for embedded and cyber-physical systems design"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2171-1528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed-Hosein","family":"Attarzadeh-Niaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Iran"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electronics and Embedded Systems, School of EECS, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0037549720921945","volume":"12","author":"Herrera F","year":"2008","journal-title":"ACM Trans Des Autom Electron Syst"},{"first-page":"439","volume-title":"proceedings of the design automation conference (DAC)","author":"Rowson J","key":"bibr2-0037549720921945"},{"key":"bibr3-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.558710"},{"key":"bibr4-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1497561.1497566"},{"key":"bibr5-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1721695.1721703"},{"volume-title":"Collaborative design for embedded systems - co-modelling and co-simulation","year":"2014","author":"Fitzgerald J","key":"bibr6-0037549720921945"},{"key":"bibr7-0037549720921945","unstructured":"IEEE Standard 1516:2010. IEEE standard for modeling and simulation (M&S) high level architecture (HLA)\u2013framework and rules."},{"first-page":"173","volume-title":"9th international modelica conference","author":"Blochwitz T","key":"bibr8-0037549720921945"},{"key":"bibr9-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2012.156"},{"first-page":"238","volume-title":"proceedings of the international symposium on industrial embedded systems (SIES)","author":"Attarzadeh Niaki SH","key":"bibr10-0037549720921945"},{"key":"bibr11-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/43.736561"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"proceedings of the forum on specification and design languages (FDL)","author":"Attarzadeh Niaki SH","key":"bibr12-0037549720921945"},{"first-page":"143","volume-title":"proceedings of the forum on specification and design languages (FDL)","author":"Beserra GS","key":"bibr13-0037549720921945"},{"first-page":"1","volume-title":"proceedings of the 18th CSI international symposium on computer architecture and digital systems (CADS)","author":"Attarzadeh-Niaki SH","key":"bibr14-0037549720921945"},{"key":"bibr15-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2014.2332097"},{"key":"bibr16-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDT.2005.120"},{"key":"bibr17-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2002.805829"},{"key":"bibr18-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2435227.2435245"},{"first-page":"55","volume-title":"proceedings of the symposium on distributed simulation and real time applications (DS-RT)","author":"Lasnier G","key":"bibr19-0037549720921945"},{"first-page":"189","volume-title":"proceedings of the symposium on distributed simulation and real time applications (DS-RT)","author":"Brito AV","key":"bibr20-0037549720921945"},{"key":"bibr21-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19401493.2010.518631"},{"first-page":"676","volume-title":"design, automation test in Europe conference exhibition (DATE)","author":"Lora M","key":"bibr22-0037549720921945"},{"key":"bibr23-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcss.2011.08.009"},{"key":"bibr24-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74781-1_29","volume-title":"Software engineering and formal methods. SEFM 2017","volume":"10729","author":"Palmieri M"},{"key":"bibr25-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549716659753"},{"key":"bibr26-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2003.819898"},{"key":"bibr27-0037549720921945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2694423"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549720921945","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0037549720921945","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549720921945","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T21:10:57Z","timestamp":1740949857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549720921945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549720921945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549720921945","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0037-5497"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-3133"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}}}