{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:48:39Z","timestamp":1777902519092,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing frequency of natural disasters and the necessity of proper planning to minimize the impact and casualties of such crises have always been matters of great concern to human societies. In this study, a hybrid mathematical-simulative location-allocation model is proposed to carry out disaster management (DM) efforts with maximum coverage in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake. The proposed model consists of two phases: determining the optimal location of the temporary emergency stations (TECs), followed by optimal and hierarchical allocation of casualties to said temporary medical centers (TMCs). Given the contradictory nature of the model\u2019s two objectives, that is, minimizing the cost of setting up TMCs and the time taken to transfer casualties to TMC. In the second phase, a simulation-based optimization approach is employed to simulate casualties\u2019 behavior at the onset of the disaster and to determine the optimal capacity of the medical centers. The findings indicate that the costs and distance traveled by casualties during the earthquake have been reduced by 15%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00375497211063900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T07:03:04Z","timestamp":1640588584000},"page":"407-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Location and hierarchical allocation disaster with combined \u03b5-constraint and simulation-based optimization approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Sogol","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Student, Department of Industrial Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2139-2053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mojtaba","family":"Sajadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Business Department, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"AlemTabriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Management, Management and Accounting Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Esmaeil","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00375497211063900","volume-title":"Annual disaster statistical review 2011: the numbers and trends","author":"Guha-Sapir D","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr2-00375497211063900","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Geographical research","author":"Maleki A","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr3-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-006-9001-y"},{"key":"bibr4-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/disa.12232"},{"key":"bibr5-00375497211063900","unstructured":"Thomas AS, Kopczak LR. From logistics to supply chain management: the path forward in the humanitarian sector, vol. 15. San Francisco, CA: Fritz Institute, 2005, pp. 1\u20135."},{"key":"bibr6-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JHLSCM-09-2014-0031"},{"key":"bibr7-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09600031011079346"},{"key":"bibr8-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.11.030"},{"key":"bibr9-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2014.04.003"},{"key":"bibr10-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.11.035"},{"key":"bibr11-00375497211063900","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st conference on natural disasters","author":"Ranjbar M"},{"key":"bibr12-00375497211063900","first-page":"35","volume":"7","author":"Shiite I","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bagh Nazar"},{"key":"bibr13-00375497211063900","volume-title":"Proceedings of the world conference on disaster reduction","author":"National report of the Islamic republic of Iran on disaster reduction"},{"key":"bibr14-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JHLSCM-04-2012-0008"},{"key":"bibr15-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2013.12.005"},{"key":"bibr16-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2012.07.002"},{"key":"bibr17-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2017.06.029"},{"key":"bibr18-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2016.1211340"},{"key":"bibr19-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2014.07.015"},{"key":"bibr20-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2012.11.002"},{"key":"bibr21-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2013.01.002"},{"key":"bibr22-00375497211063900","first-page":"85","volume":"6","author":"Aydin N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Optimiz Contr: Theor Appl"},{"key":"bibr23-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2019.05.008"},{"key":"bibr24-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2016.05.018"},{"key":"bibr25-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07408170500539113"},{"key":"bibr26-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2009.10.004"},{"key":"bibr27-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ro\/2017046"},{"key":"bibr28-00375497211063900","first-page":"101426","volume":"44","author":"Oksuz MK","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Disast Risk Re"},{"key":"bibr29-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/hdq.4.3.135"},{"key":"bibr30-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5123971"},{"key":"bibr31-00375497211063900","first-page":"133","volume":"12","author":"Rebeeh YA","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ind Eng Manag"},{"key":"bibr32-00375497211063900","first-page":"232","volume":"6","author":"Makui A","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Res Ind Eng"},{"key":"bibr33-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411920925207"},{"key":"bibr34-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.2014.0757"},{"key":"bibr35-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2019.05.002"},{"key":"bibr36-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.10.028"},{"key":"bibr37-00375497211063900","first-page":"24","volume":"10","author":"Pouraliakbari M","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ind Syst Eng"},{"key":"bibr38-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2005.09.005"},{"key":"bibr39-00375497211063900","first-page":"85","volume":"10","author":"Mousavi S","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Manag"},{"key":"bibr40-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12417"},{"key":"bibr41-00375497211063900","first-page":"365","volume":"31","author":"Maleki Rastaghi M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Eng T B: Appl"},{"key":"bibr42-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2017.12.004"},{"key":"bibr43-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40092-016-0173-7"},{"key":"bibr44-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11518-019-5444-6"},{"key":"bibr45-00375497211063900","first-page":"814","volume":"33","author":"Beiki H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Eng T B: Appl"},{"key":"bibr46-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.06.017"},{"key":"bibr47-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.07.068"},{"key":"bibr48-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X11000069"},{"key":"bibr49-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.06.018"},{"key":"bibr50-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12591"},{"key":"bibr51-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2019.100745"},{"key":"bibr52-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2019.1582588"},{"key":"bibr53-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-017-2533-0"},{"key":"bibr54-00375497211063900","first-page":"1016","volume":"11","author":"Mahabadi A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Inf Manag"},{"key":"bibr55-00375497211063900","first-page":"289","volume":"20","author":"Sepehri Z","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Serv Oper Manag"},{"key":"bibr56-00375497211063900","first-page":"405","volume":"23","author":"Sajadi SM","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Ind Syst Eng"},{"key":"bibr57-00375497211063900","first-page":"61","volume":"15","author":"Kamali A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Inform Manag"},{"key":"bibr58-00375497211063900","volume-title":"McGraw-Hill homeland security handbook: strategic guidance for a coordinated approach to effective security and emergency management","author":"Kamien D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr59-00375497211063900","first-page":"99","volume":"11","author":"Mousavi S","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ind Manag Perspect"},{"key":"bibr60-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549717708246"},{"key":"bibr61-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549717741349"},{"key":"bibr62-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549718811591"},{"key":"bibr63-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549720914749"},{"key":"bibr64-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549708100530"},{"key":"bibr65-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549720932656"},{"key":"bibr66-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549720944483"},{"key":"bibr67-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00375497211006175"},{"key":"bibr68-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549720957722"},{"key":"bibr69-00375497211063900","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd national conference on crisis management","author":"Firoozi A"},{"key":"bibr70-00375497211063900","volume-title":"Multi-criteria decision making","author":"Amiri M","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr71-00375497211063900","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jos.2012.20"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00375497211063900","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00375497211063900","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00375497211063900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:31:39Z","timestamp":1777635099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00375497211063900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00375497211063900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00375497211063900","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]}}}