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Representing these complex factors is challenging, but doing so in a representative and efficient way can enable new modes of design exploration. Existing image and graph-based approaches of floorplans\u2019 representation often failed to consider low-level space semantics, structural features, and space utilization with respect to its future inhabitants, which are all the critical elements to analyze design layouts. We present a latent-space representation of floorplans using gated recurrent unit variational autoencoder (GRU-VAE), where floorplans are represented as attributed graphs (encoded with the abovementioned features). Two local search approaches are presented to efficiently explore the latent space for optimizing and generating new floorplans for the given environment. Semantic, structural, and visibility metrics are evaluated individually and as a combined objective for optimizations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00375497221115734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T02:35:42Z","timestamp":1662518142000},"page":"1167-1179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The role of latent representations for design space exploration of floorplans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Vahid","family":"Azizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2059-7206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Computer Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel S","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3662-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathew","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Design, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seonghyeon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Faloutsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mubbasir","family":"Kapadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00375497221115734","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Economou A, Hong TCK, Ligler H, et al. 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