{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T13:08:48Z","timestamp":1781269728921,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 has been a turning point in the international effort to control this disease. However, vaccine development is only the first phase of the COVID-19 vaccination process. Correct planning of mass vaccination is important for any policy to immunize the population. For this purpose, it is necessary to set up and properly manage mass vaccination centers. This paper presents a discrete event simulation model of a real COVID-19 mass vaccination center located in Sfax, Tunisia. This model was used to evaluate the management of this center through different performance measures. Three person\u2019s arrival scenarios were considered and simulated to verify the response of this real vaccination center to arrival variability. A second model was proposed and simulated to improve the performances of the vaccination center. Like the first model, this one underwent the same evaluation process through the three arrivals scenarios. The simulation results show that both models respond well to the arrival\u2019s variability. Indeed, most of the arriving persons are vaccinated on time for all the studied scenarios. In addition, both models present moderate average vaccination and waiting times. However, the average utilization rates of operators are modest and need to be improved. Furthermore, both simulation models show a high average number of persons present in the vaccination center, which goes against the respect of the social distancing condition. Comparison between the two simulation models shows that the proposed model is more efficient than the actual one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00375497221135214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T06:45:34Z","timestamp":1668840334000},"page":"553-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Simulation modeling assessment and improvement of a COVID-19 mass vaccination center operations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5039-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdessalem","family":"Jerbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Optimisation, Logistique et Informatique D\u00e9cisionnelle (OLID), LR19ES21, Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de Gestion Industrielle de Sfax, Universit\u00e9 de Sfax, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faouzi","family":"Masmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanics, Modelling and Production Research Laboratory (LA2MP), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165775"},{"key":"bibr2-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.04.018"},{"key":"bibr3-00375497221135214","unstructured":"Brlek P, Cvitkovic I, Martincevic I, et al. Economic aspects of the covid 19 pandemic on external transport costs. In: 61st international scientific conference on economic and social development, Varazdin, Croatia, 22\u201323 October 2020, https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/344832515_ECONOMIC_ASPECTS_OF_THE_COVID_19_PANDEMIC_ON_EXTERNAL_TRANSPORT_COSTS"},{"key":"bibr4-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00272"},{"key":"bibr5-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13517"},{"key":"bibr6-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00462-y"},{"key":"bibr7-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jos.2009.25"},{"key":"bibr8-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00115514-201303000-00007"},{"key":"bibr9-00375497221135214","first-page":"12262","volume":"18","author":"Shakoor M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Healthc Manag"},{"key":"bibr10-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11020805"},{"key":"bibr11-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00375497211030931"},{"key":"bibr12-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X09333126"},{"key":"bibr13-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2013.06.004"},{"key":"bibr14-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2013.148"},{"key":"bibr15-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-021-00594-y"},{"key":"bibr16-00375497221135214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.05.024"},{"key":"bibr17-00375497221135214","unstructured":"Marouane L. Tunisia receives first batch of COVID-19 vaccines through COVAX facility, http:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/media\/news\/tunisia-receives-first-batch-of-covid-19-vaccines-through-covax-facility.html (2021, accessed 29 April 2021)."},{"key":"bibr18-00375497221135214","unstructured":"Ministry of health of Tunisia. Vaccination strategy against COVID-19 in Tunisia, http:\/\/www.santetunisie.rns.tn\/images\/strategie-vaccination-covid-19.pdf (2020, accessed 26 April 2021)."}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00375497221135214","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00375497221135214","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00375497221135214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:33:08Z","timestamp":1777635188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00375497221135214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00375497221135214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00375497221135214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]]}}}