{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:49:30Z","timestamp":1777902570829,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This paper describes a high-fidelity numerical model that simulates vessel stationkeeping operations in ice-rich waters. The discrete event simulation engine incorporates several novel features, including new ice floe failure models for bow and midships locations; an ice floe creation strategy that facilitates rafting of ice floes; and a vessel thruster model that takes into account physical limitations such as thruster angle slew rates and propeller ramp rates. It accommodates a wide range of ice field specifications and runs in real-time on a standard desktop personal computer (Intel\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    Core\u2122 i7 Processor or equivalent). The model has been validated using physical measurements of a generic drillship model in several broken ice conditions; it predicted thruster forces and motions that were comparable to those observed during dynamic positioning operations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00375497221151188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T01:43:57Z","timestamp":1678844637000},"page":"729-753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discrete event simulation of vessel stationkeeping operations in ice-rich waters"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2163-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne","family":"Pearson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering, National Research Council, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering, National Research Council, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering, National Research Council, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering, National Research Council, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3040-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering, National Research Council, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00375497221151188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2020.108527"},{"key":"bibr2-00375497221151188","unstructured":"Konno A, Mizuki T. Numerical simulation of pre-sawn ice test of model icebreaker using physically based modeling. In: Proceedings of the 18th IAHR international symposium on ice, Sapporo, Japan, 28 August 2006, pp. 17\u201323, http:\/\/fluid.mech.kogakuin.ac.jp\/~minnie\/Research\/papers\/published\/iahr06-konno.pdf"},{"key":"bibr3-00375497221151188","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st international symposium on Okhotsk sea & sea ice","author":"Konno A"},{"key":"bibr4-00375497221151188","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Proceedings Of the 23rd international symposium on Okhotsk sea & sea ice","author":"Konno A"},{"key":"bibr5-00375497221151188","first-page":"855","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th international conference on port and ocean engineering under Arctic conditions","author":"Konno A."},{"key":"bibr6-00375497221151188","first-page":"154","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th international symposium on Okhotsk sea & sea ice","author":"Konno A"},{"key":"bibr7-00375497221151188","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st international conference on port and ocean engineering under Arctic conditions (POAC\u201911)","author":"Konno A"},{"key":"bibr8-00375497221151188","unstructured":"Konno A, Nakane A, Kanamori S. Validation of numerical estimation of brash ice channel resistance with model test. In: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on port and ocean engineering under Arctic conditions (POAC\u201913), Espoo, 9\u201313 June 2013, https:\/\/www.poac.com\/Papers\/2013\/pdf\/POAC13_143.pdf"},{"key":"bibr9-00375497221151188","unstructured":"Ishibashi D, Shigihara T, Konno A. Experimental and numerical investigation of model-scale collision of ship with ice floe. In: Proceedings of the 22nd IAHR international symposium on ice, Singapore, 11\u201315 August 2014, pp. 495\u2013502, https:\/\/www.iahr.org\/library\/infor?pid=18338"},{"key":"bibr10-00375497221151188","unstructured":"Uto S, Matsuzawa T, Shimoda H, et al. Station keeping in ice\u2014ice tank experiment and estimation of ice load on shipshaped floating structure under managed ice condition. In: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on port and ocean engineering under Arctic conditions (POAC\u201915), Trondheim, 14\u201318 June 2015, https:\/\/www.poac.com\/Papers\/2015\/pdf\/poac15Final00199.pdf"},{"key":"bibr11-00375497221151188","unstructured":"Sawamura J, Kioka S. Numerical modeling of icebreaking and ice-clearing for an icebreaker advancing in sea ice. In: Proceedings of the 23rd IAHR international symposium on ice, Ann Arbor, MI, 31 May\u20133 June 2016, https:\/\/www.iahr.org\/library\/infor?pid=18518"},{"key":"bibr12-00375497221151188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coldregions.2010.09.004"},{"key":"bibr13-00375497221151188","volume-title":"Ice fracture model for real-time ship simulator","author":"Berglund T.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr14-00375497221151188","first-page":"914","volume-title":"Curran Associates, Inc","author":"G\u00fcrtner A"},{"key":"bibr15-00375497221151188","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Arctic technology conference","author":"Amdahl TH"},{"key":"bibr16-00375497221151188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4031\/MTSJ.47.2.2"},{"key":"bibr17-00375497221151188","unstructured":"Metrikin I, G\u00fcrtner A, Bonnemaire B, et al. SIBIS: a numerical environment for simulating offshore operations in discontinuous ice. 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