{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:43:57Z","timestamp":1773819837483,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014869","name":"Chongqing Xinqiao Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19QNP011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19QNP011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014869","name":"Chongqing Xinqiao Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A virtual reality (VR)-based training system for combat musculoskeletal trauma care (CMTC) was meticulously crafted to enhance trainees\u2019 theoretical understanding, familiarity with care processes, and decision-making abilities in the realm of combat musculoskeletal trauma management. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Scenario scripts, descriptions of injuries, and foundational management plans for care under fire and tactical field care were constructed. Subsequently, the CMTC system was developed employing tools, such as Maya, Photoshop, Unity, SQLite, and Visual Studio. Finally, the system was tested by 30 civilian nurses. The trainees\u2019 knowledge, satisfaction, and system usability were evaluated using the theoretical question bank module, questionnaire, and system usability scale (SUS). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This research resulted in the establishment of five types of processes for CMTC in the contexts of care under fire and tactical field care. The study indicated that the trainees\u2019 scores after training (75.67\u2009\u00b1\u20096.91) was higher than before training (69.17\u2009\u00b1\u200910.91), p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, the t-statistic was \u22125.022. The resultant SUS score was 70.4\u2009\u00b1\u20099.40. An overwhelming 96.67% of the trainees expressed satisfaction with the teaching quality. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The CMTC system, developed in alignment with Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines and infused with cutting-edge equipment and technologies, provides an interactive and modular simulation training experience. Its strengths include higher reality, enhanced safety, repeatability, cost-effectiveness, and the provision for performance analysis. Besides, it has good accessibility and reliability, and can cultivate students\u2019 autonomous learning ability and deepen their understanding. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00375497241238025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T03:57:16Z","timestamp":1712030236000},"page":"3-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of virtual reality training system for combat musculoskeletal trauma care"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1837-0307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lincan","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, China"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00375497241238025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31802f78fb"},{"key":"bibr2-00375497241238025","first-page":"165","volume":"37","author":"Stajner I","year":"1996","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"bibr3-00375497241238025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/atr.atr_10_18"},{"key":"bibr4-00375497241238025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000308"},{"key":"bibr5-00375497241238025","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE international conference on serious games and applications for health (SeGAH)","author":"Brown R"},{"key":"bibr6-00375497241238025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.10.025"},{"key":"bibr7-00375497241238025","first-page":"573","volume":"43","author":"Luo D","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Navy Med"},{"key":"bibr8-00375497241238025","first-page":"548","volume":"28","author":"Pang T","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Educ Res Pract"},{"key":"bibr9-00375497241238025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55460\/RBRA-WMWV"},{"key":"bibr10-00375497241238025","volume-title":"Medical treatment rule of the wounded","author":"Health Department of General Logistic Department","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr11-00375497241238025","volume-title":"Nursing technical guidelines of the wounded","author":"Health Department of General Logistic Department","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr12-00375497241238025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318299da0a"},{"key":"bibr13-00375497241238025","first-page":"101","volume":"158","author":"Eardley W","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Mil Health"},{"key":"bibr14-00375497241238025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31828273be"},{"key":"bibr15-00375497241238025","volume":"28","author":"Kragh JF","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"bibr16-00375497241238025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.213"},{"key":"bibr17-00375497241238025","unstructured":"Deployed Medicine. 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