{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T21:13:24Z","timestamp":1773868404110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Digital twins have emerged as highly valuable tools for model-based planning, simulation and optimization over the last couple of years, thereby demonstrating considerable potential for application within the construction industry. The introduction of building information modeling (BIM) has effectively established a standardized approach to representing building models. However, in practice, many of these models currently exhibit limitations as to their quality, specifically concerning the level of detail they encompass. In addition, BIM models too often are locked inside a specific vendor\u2019s tool which readily implies a lack of platform independence, or interoperability, which, however, is essential for facilitating single and regressive, i.e., after a design change, model-based building performance simulations. Model-based engineering has effectively addressed comparable challenges within the domain of software engineering over the past decades by facilitating the integration and interoperability of models from various origins, by capitalizing on model-based tool integration. Prompted by these advantages, this study introduces a model-based tool environment that addresses the aforesaid challenges concerning BIM model quality and interoperability. Taking advantage of our proposed model-based tool environment, we implement an agile, continuous planning process for regressive, model-based building performance simulations, thereby enhancing building energy efficiency planning. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00375497241251852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T12:33:20Z","timestamp":1717072400000},"page":"241-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Agile, continuous building energy modeling and simulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4952-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Zech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Fr\u00f6ch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Construction Management and Tunneling, University of Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Pfluger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Energy Efficient Building, University of Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Breu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-38756-7_4"},{"key":"bibr2-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.08.474"},{"key":"bibr3-00375497241251852","unstructured":"Donkers A, Yang D, De Vries B, et al. Real-time building performance monitoring using semantic digital twins. In: Proceedings of the 9th linked data in architecture and construction workshop, 2021, https:\/\/pure.tue.nl\/ws\/portalfiles\/portal\/196539949\/05paper_1_.pdf"},{"key":"bibr4-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.102730"},{"key":"bibr5-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12020120"},{"key":"bibr6-00375497241251852","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Leveraging applications of formal methods, verification and validation. Technologies for mastering change: 5th international symposium, ISoLA 2012","author":"Zech P"},{"key":"bibr7-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12273-018-0444-x"},{"key":"bibr8-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adapen.2023.100135"},{"key":"bibr9-00375497241251852","unstructured":"United Nations. Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, 2015, https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/2030agenda"},{"key":"bibr10-00375497241251852","volume-title":"The European green deal","author":"Fetting C","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr11-00375497241251852","unstructured":"European Environment Agency. Greenhouse gas emissions from energy use in buildings in Europe, https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/ims\/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-energy (2023, accessed: 29 September 2023)."},{"key":"bibr12-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103179"},{"key":"bibr13-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hauer S, Bres A, Partl R, et al. An approach for the extension of openBIM MEP models with metadata focusing on different use cases. In: Proceedings of building simulation 2019: 16th conference of IBPSA, Rome, 2\u20134 September 2019, pp. 182\u2013189, https:\/\/publications.ibpsa.org\/conference\/paper\/?id=bs2019_210932","DOI":"10.26868\/25222708.2019.210932"},{"key":"bibr14-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2019.01.029"},{"key":"bibr15-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11052167"},{"key":"bibr16-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamed OS, Wang TH. BIM2PHPP: a new BIM-based tool for Passivhaus design with PHPP. In: Proceedings of building simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA, pp. 2\u20134, https:\/\/publications.ibpsa.org\/conference\/paper\/?id=bs2019_210330","DOI":"10.26868\/25222708.2019.210330"},{"key":"bibr17-00375497241251852","volume-title":"Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for data sharing in the construction and facility management industries\u2013\u2013part 1: data schema","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr18-00375497241251852","unstructured":"OMG. Unified modelling language (UML) specification version 2.5. OMG document number formal\/2015-03-01, 2015, http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/UML"},{"key":"bibr19-00375497241251852","unstructured":"OMG. Meta-object facility (MOF) specification, version 2.5.1. OMG document number formal\/2019-10-01, 2016, http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/MOF"},{"key":"bibr20-00375497241251852","unstructured":"WWWC (W3C). Extensible markup language (xml) 1.0 (fifth edition). W3C Recommendation 26 November 2008, 2013, https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xml\/"},{"key":"bibr21-00375497241251852","volume-title":"Industrial automation systems and integration\u2014product data representation and exchange\u2014part 11: description methods: the EXPRESS language reference manual","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr22-00375497241251852","first-page":"139","volume":"43","author":"Rodrigues da Silva A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput Lang Syst Struct"},{"key":"bibr23-00375497241251852","volume-title":"Workflow modeling: tools for process improvement and applications development","author":"Sharp A","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr24-00375497241251852","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on cybernetics and information technologies, systems and applications (CITSA 2006)","author":"Kapsammer E"},{"key":"bibr25-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-018-0665-6"},{"key":"bibr26-00375497241251852","unstructured":"Beck K, Beedle M, Van Bennekum A, et al. The agile manifesto 2001, https:\/\/agilemanifesto.org."},{"key":"bibr27-00375497241251852","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on rapid continuous software engineering","author":"Fitzgerald B"},{"key":"bibr28-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jdm.2005100104"},{"key":"bibr29-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9245358"},{"key":"bibr30-00375497241251852","unstructured":"BE 16310:2013. Engineering services\u2014terminology to describe engineering services for buildings, infrastructure and industrial facilities."},{"key":"bibr31-00375497241251852","unstructured":"Digital Findet Stadt, https:\/\/www.digitalfindetstadt.at (2020, accessed 30 September 2022)."},{"key":"bibr32-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.12.040"},{"key":"bibr33-00375497241251852","unstructured":"Ouellette JW, Woodard P, Bekboliev M. Technical report for BIM-BEM workflows2022, https:\/\/www.buildingsmart.org\/bim-bem-workflows-final-technical-report-approved-by-sc-and-published\/"},{"key":"bibr34-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2021.103469"},{"key":"bibr35-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2998358"},{"key":"bibr36-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-5805(92)90014-B"},{"key":"bibr37-00375497241251852","first-page":"120","volume":"8","author":"Succar B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archit Eng Des Manag"},{"key":"bibr38-00375497241251852","volume-title":"Building physics\u2014heat, air and moisture: fundamentals and engineering methods with examples and exercises","author":"Hens HS","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr39-00375497241251852","volume-title":"Understanding BIM: the past, present and future","author":"Ingram J","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr40-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-50346-2_5"},{"key":"bibr41-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.01.032"},{"key":"bibr42-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2022.101753"},{"key":"bibr43-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43839-8"},{"key":"bibr44-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-015-0408-8"},{"key":"bibr45-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JAEIED.AEENG-1483"},{"key":"bibr46-00375497241251852","volume-title":"EMF: eclipse modeling framework","author":"Steinberg D","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr47-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19401493.2016.1259352"},{"key":"bibr48-00375497241251852","first-page":"633","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on software engineering","author":"Hutchinson J"},{"key":"bibr49-00375497241251852","first-page":"71","volume":"54","author":"Hogan A","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"bibr50-00375497241251852","first-page":"459","volume-title":"Cooperative information systems","author":"Zech P","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr51-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jouault F, Kurtev I. Transforming models with ATL. In: International conference on model driven engineering languages and systems. Cham: Springer, pp. 128\u2013138, https:\/\/staffwww.dcs.shef.ac.uk\/people\/A.Simons\/remodel\/papers\/JouaultKurtevATLBig.pdf","DOI":"10.1007\/11663430_14"},{"key":"bibr52-00375497241251852","first-page":"719","volume-title":"Companion to the 21st ACM SIGPLAN symposium on object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications","author":"Jouault F"},{"key":"bibr53-00375497241251852","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Formal methods for open object-based distributed systems: 8th IFIP WG 6.1 international conference, FMOODS 2006","author":"Jouault F"},{"key":"bibr54-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.35.8.982"},{"key":"bibr55-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-014-0348-1"},{"key":"bibr56-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2001.11647015"},{"key":"bibr57-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80519-7"},{"key":"bibr58-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80519-7"},{"key":"bibr59-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64069-3"},{"key":"bibr60-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray S, Danks N, Calero Valdez A. SEMinR: domain-specific language for building, estimating, and visualizing structural equation models in R, 2021, https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3900621","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3900621"},{"key":"bibr61-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8756972819882132"},{"key":"bibr62-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmal.2022.100027"},{"key":"bibr63-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40685-018-0072-4"},{"key":"bibr64-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879"},{"key":"bibr65-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651257"},{"key":"bibr66-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-07-2015-0302"},{"key":"bibr67-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tagliabue LC, Maltese S, Re Cecconi F, et al. BIM-based interoperable workflow for energy improvement of school buildings over the life cycle, 2018, https:\/\/www.iaarc.org\/publications\/fulltext\/ISARC2018-Paper096.pdf","DOI":"10.22260\/ISARC2018\/0058"},{"key":"bibr68-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinheiro S, Wimmer R, O'Donnell J, et al. MVD based information exchange between BIM and building energy performance simulation. Autom Constr 2018; 90: 91\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.02.009"},{"key":"bibr69-00375497241251852","unstructured":"Miller J, Moser F, Stumpf J, et al. Revit2DALEC: a BIM2BEM combined thermal and day- and artificial light energy calculation with DALEC using the MVD, 2020, https:\/\/openlib.tugraz.at\/download.php?id=6059ca839453f&location=browse"},{"key":"bibr70-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104500"},{"key":"bibr71-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19401493.2014.993709"},{"key":"bibr72-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.03.019"},{"key":"bibr73-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.112795"},{"key":"bibr74-00375497241251852","first-page":"17","volume-title":"model driven architecture: European MDA workshops: foundations and applications, MDAFA 2003 and MDAFA 2004","author":"Blanc X"},{"key":"bibr75-00375497241251852","unstructured":"Kappel G, Kapsammer E, Kargl H, et al. On models and ontologies-a layered approach for model-based tool integration. Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik eV, 2006.s"},{"key":"bibr76-00375497241251852","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Global integrated model management","author":"Kramler G"},{"key":"bibr77-00375497241251852","unstructured":"B\u00e9zivin J, Bruneli\u00e8re H, Cabot J, et al. Model driven tool interoperability in practice. In: 3rd workshop on model-driven tool & process integration (co-located with ECMFA 2010), pp. 62\u201372, https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-00534391\/fr\/"},{"key":"bibr78-00375497241251852","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Proceedings of the first international workshop on model-driven interoperability","author":"Lemrabet Y"},{"key":"bibr79-00375497241251852","first-page":"32","volume-title":"European conference on modelling foundations and applications","author":"Bruneliere H"},{"key":"bibr80-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2037771"},{"key":"bibr81-00375497241251852","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on model-driven engineering and software development\u2014volume 1: MODELSWARD","author":"Zhang W"},{"key":"bibr82-00375497241251852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2440"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00375497241251852","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00375497241251852","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00375497241251852","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T18:19:02Z","timestamp":1741112342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00375497241251852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00375497241251852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00375497241251852","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]}}}