{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T03:57:14Z","timestamp":1778731034821,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]],"date-time":"1994-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":757382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The object-oriented programming environment Smalltalk is used to implement a tool for modeling and simulation of ecological systems. This PC-based tool makes it possible, and easy, to represent individuals explicitly in the simulation, and to integrate the individual-based approach with a traditional population\/concentration-based approach. Object-oriented programming is used to allow for an efficient development of models. The properties of Smalltalk are exploited to make testing and investigation of the models occur interactively, supported by a user-friendly interface. In the paper, modeling and simulation concepts and elements of object- oriented programming as they relate to an individual-based approach, are introduced. The simulation extension in question (EcoTalk) is described. Two applications that make use of EcoTalk are presented, both related to population-dynamics. The discussion centers on practical implications of the approach, e.g. the system characteristics that can be expressed in EcoTalk. An indication of the performance of an application is given. It is concluded that, at present, EcoTalk can be used for medium-sized applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/003754979406200106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,29]],"date-time":"2008-03-29T13:23:43Z","timestamp":1206797023000},"page":"42-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Objects for Simulation: Smalltalk and Ecology*"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"J.M.","family":"Baveco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Pure and Applied Ecology working group on Biological Information Techniques University of Amsterdam Kruislaan 320; 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.M.W.","family":"Smeulders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computer Systems working group on Biological Information Techniques University of Amsterdam Kruislaan 320; 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Adams, S.M. and D.L. DeAngelis. 1987. Indirect effects of early bass-shad interactions on predator population structure and food web dynamics. In: W.C. Kerfoot & A. Sih (Eds.), Predation in Aquatic Ecosystems, University Press of New England, Hanover, NH, pp.103-117."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(92)90022-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"atypb3","first-page":"13","volume":"2","author":"Beck, K.","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Smalltalk Report"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3922-0"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Proceedings 24th Annual Simulation Symposium","author":"Giron-Sierra, J.M."},{"issue":"7","key":"atypb6","first-page":"54","volume":"15","author":"Goldberg, A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dr. Dobbs Journal"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Smalltalk-80: The Language and its Implementation","author":"Goldberg, A.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/353255a0"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"UKSC Conference on Computer SIMULATION","author":"Hogeweg, P."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7177(90)90012-C"},{"issue":"10","key":"atypb11","first-page":"682","volume":"38","author":"Huston, M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Computer simulation shows that many ecological patterns can be explained by interactions among individual organisms. BioScience"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(81)90227-8"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Proceedings European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming '87","author":"Kreutzer, W."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003754978805100303"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Lhotka, L. 1991. Object-oriented methodology in the field of aquatic ecosystem modelling. In: J. B\u00e9zivin and B. Meyer (Eds.), TOOLS 4. Technology of Object Oriented Languages and Systems, Prentice Hall , Hemel Hempstead (UK), pp. 309-317."},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-13159-6"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"28","author":"Meulen, P.S van der.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Object-Oriented Programming"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"8","author":"Murata, M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Object-Oriented Programming"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003754977903200301"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming and Smalltalk","author":"Pinson, L.J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Fisheries Management and the Interactive Dynamics of Walleye and Perch Populations","author":"Post, J.R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Proceedings 24th Annual Simulation Symposium","author":"R\u00f6nngren, R."},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(88)90085-3"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Object-Oriented Simulation with Hierarchical, Modular Models: Intelligent Agents and Endomorphic Systems","author":"Zeigler, B.P.","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003754979406200106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003754979406200106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:09:19Z","timestamp":1777633759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003754979406200106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003754979406200106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003754979406200106","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}}}