{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T05:26:06Z","timestamp":1738128366090,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]],"date-time":"1997-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":867715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> One of the aspects that cause an interactive vehicle simulator to differ from the real system is delay in the visual display. Because of this delay, the person in the simulator receives visual feedback of his control actions slightly later when compared with the real system, which can reduce the task performance. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Compensation techniques can be applied to reduce the effects of delay. This article describes an algorithm that was implemented in a driving simulator for this purpose. Two experiments were carried out, in which subjects drove the simulator with and without compensation, to evaluate its effect on task performance and control effort. The results show that the display delay is counterbalanced by the compensation in an effective and efficient manner: when using the compensation, driving behaviour in the simulator has a better resemblance to that in the real vehicle. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/003754979706900103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,18]],"date-time":"2007-03-18T07:46:49Z","timestamp":1174204009000},"page":"27-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Compensation for Delay in the Visual Display of a Driving Simulator"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jeroen H.","family":"Hogema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TNO Human Factors Research Institute Soesterberg, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]]},"reference":[{"journal-title":"AGARD, Flight Simulation","year":"1986","author":"Ashkenas, LL","key":"atypb1"},{"volume-title":"Driving Simulation -- Requirements, Mechanization and Application. SAE Paper 800448","year":"1980","author":"Allen, R.W.","key":"atypb2"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Haug, E.J. et al. 1990. Feasibility Study and Conceptual Design of \u03b1 National Advanced Driving Simulator Iowa City: Center for Simulation and Design Optimization of Mechanical Systems, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, pp. VII-10, VII-37."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088803000207"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1992.1.3.344"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Richard, G.L. , Norman, D.A., and Collyer, S.C. 1976. \"Compensating for flight simulator CGI system delays.\" Proceedings of the 96th NTEC\/Industry Conference , pp. 131-138; Technical Report NAV-TRAEQUIPCEN IH-276, Orlando, FL: Naval Training Systems Center."},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crane, D.F. 1983. \"Compensation for time delay in flight simulator visual-display systems.\" AIAA Flight Simulation Technologies Conference, New York: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics , pp.163-171.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.1983-1080"},{"volume-title":"An Optimal Control Model Approach to the Design of Compensators for Simulation Delay. 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TNO Report 1982-37","year":"1982","author":"Godthelp, J.","key":"atypb14"},{"volume-title":"Road Vehicles - Test Procedure for a Severe Lane-Change Manoeuvre. ISO\/TR3888-1975(E)","year":"1975","author":"ISO Technical Report 3888","key":"atypb15"},{"volume-title":"Bewegingsperceptie in Moving-Base Simulatoren. Report IZF 1991 A-17","year":"1991","author":"Bles, W.","key":"atypb16"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088002200609"},{"volume-title":"\"Evaluation of vehicle handling: Design and test of the two-level sequential judgment rating scale.\" Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Conference on Manual Control","year":"1988","author":"K\u00e4ppler, W.-D.","key":"atypb18"},{"volume-title":"Visuele Informatie in Rijsimulatoren: Koershouden op een Rechte Weg (in Dutch). TNO-TM 1995 A-56","year":"1995","author":"Kapp\u00e9, B.","key":"atypb19"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003754979706900103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003754979706900103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T05:39:41Z","timestamp":1738042781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003754979706900103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003754979706900103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003754979706900103","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0037-5497"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-3133"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}}}