{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:38:50Z","timestamp":1777901930425,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]],"date-time":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We extend our basic discrete-event model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to encom pass circumstances in which multiple pheno typic variants of the parasite circulate within interacting human and mosquito populations, and we compare a version in which variants behave independently to one in which they in teract through shared host immune responses. Relative to the standard hypothesis of statisti cal independence, frequencies of mixed-pheno type infection in humans were as expected in the independent-immunity version and much less than expected in the cross-immunity ver sion ; in both versions, however, such frequen cies in mosquitoes were much greater than expected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/003754979907300403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,29]],"date-time":"2008-03-29T13:23:43Z","timestamp":1206797023000},"page":"213-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Discrete-Event Models of Mixed-Phenotype Plasmodium falciparum Malaria"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"F. Ellis","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger C.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Bossert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Analysis of Infectious Disease Data","author":"Becker, N.G.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)","author":"Gupta, S."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813067"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","author":"Taylor, L.H."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5354.1173"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5365.912"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8310293"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003754979807100405"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Malariology","author":"Boyd, M.F.","year":"1949"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"The Biomathematics of Malaria","author":"Bailey, N.T.J.","year":"1982"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.1045"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90287-6"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists","author":"Walpole, R.E.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/34.4.417"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284229"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3285692"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1999.0932"},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"McKenzie, F.E. , Bossert, W.H. \"Advances in Discrete-Event Simulation Models of Malaria.\" Health Sciences Simulation, J.G. 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