{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:44:07Z","timestamp":1792626247459,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Compass"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This introductory article begins by sketching Luckmann's theory of invisible religion. It lays stress particularly on the recent modifications of this theory: in addition to the well-known anthropological notion of transcendence, Luckmann elaborates a detailed phenomenological notion of transcendence, distinguishing between three levels of transcendence. This innovation, it is argued, not only affects Luckmann's general theory of religion. It also sheds a new light on the religious situation in Europe. Europe is, indeed, characterized by the decrease of religion as opposed to other areas of the world where we discern a kind of \u201cresacralization\u201d. However, three restrictions apply to this statement: the religious situation in Europe is still very diverse; the institutional role of the churches in Europe is quite specific, and, finally, if we apply Luckmann's notion of religion, we can detect a blooming alternative religiosity in Europe which parallels the global tendency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00377686030503001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,22]],"date-time":"2003-09-22T20:50:45Z","timestamp":1064263845000},"page":"267-274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Europe and Invisible Religion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Hubert","family":"Knoblauch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Berlin,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albanese, Catherine L. 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(1996) Identit\u00e9s religieuses en Europe. Paris: La Decouverte ."},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Heelas, Paul (1996) The New Age Movement. Oxford: Blackwell ."},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Kallscheuer, O., ed. (1996) Das Europa der Religionen: Ein Kontinent zwischen S\u00e1kularisation und Fundamentalismus. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer ."},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Kern, Thomas (1998) Schw\u00e4rmer, Tr\u00e1umer und Propheten. Frankfurt am Main: Knecht ."},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Knoblauch, Hubert (1989) ` `Das unsichtbare Neue Zeitalter. `New Age', privatisierte Religion und kultisches Milieu\u201d , K\u00f3lner Zeitschrift f\u00far Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 3: 504-525 ."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoblauch, Hubert (1997) ` `Die Sichtbarkeit der unsichtbaren Religion. Subjektivierung, M\u00e4rkte und die religi\u00f3se Kommunikation\u201d , Zeitschrift f\u00far Religions-wissenschaft 5: 179-202 .","DOI":"10.1515\/0027.179"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoblauch, Hubert (1999) Religionssoziologie. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter .","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110808032"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Lucas, Phillip C. (1996) \u201cThe New Age Movement and the Pentecostal\/Charismatic Revival: Distinct Yet Parallel Phases of a Fourth Great Awakening?\u201d, in Lorne L. Dawson (ed.) Cults in Context: Readings in the Study of New Religious Movements. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press ."},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Luckmann, Thomas (1963) Das Problem der Religion in der modernen Gesellschaft. Freiburg: Rombach ."},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Luckmann, Thomas (1967) The Invisible Religion. New York: Macmillan ."},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Luckmann, Thomas (1977) ` `Theories of Religion and Social Change\u201d , The Annual Review of the Social Sciences of Religion 1: 1-28 ."},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Luckmann, Thomas (1991) Die unsichtbare Religion. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp ."},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"McLeod, Hugh (1993) Religion and the People of Western Europe 1789\u20141990. Oxford: Oxford University Press ."},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Mayer, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois (1993) Les Nouvelles voies sprituelles: Enqu\u00eate sur la religiosit\u00e9parall\u00e8le en Suisse. Lausanne: L'Age d'Homme ."},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"M\u00f3rth, Ingo (1989) \u201cNew Age - neue Religion?\u201d, in M. Haller, H.J. Hoffmann-Nowottny and W. Zapf (eds) Kultur und Gesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main and New York: Campus ."},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"Pollack, Detlef, Borowik, Irene and Jagodzinski, Wolfgang, eds (1998) Religi\u00f3ser Wandel in den postkommunistischen L\u00e1ndern Ost- und Mitteleuropas. W\u00farzburg: Ergon ."},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"R\u00e9mond, Ren\u00e9 (1998) Religion et soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en Europe. Paris: Editions du Seuil ."},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schutz, Alfred (1962) \u201cSymbol, Reality and Society\u201d, in Collected Papers I, pp. 287-356. The Hague: Nijhoff .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-2851-6_11"},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"Schutz, Alfred and Luckmann, Thomas (1989) Structures of the Life-World. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press ."}],"container-title":["Social Compass"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00377686030503001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00377686030503001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:19:02Z","timestamp":1777634342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00377686030503001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00377686030503001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00377686030503001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-7686","1461-7404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-7686","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7404","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}