{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:03:13Z","timestamp":1784728993947,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Domestic violence is a complex social issue worldwide that includes a wide range of physical, sexual, psychological, economic, or emotional trauma to a child or adult. A large proportion of domestic violence cases remain unreported or undocumented. Dentists can play an important role in identifying and reporting these cases, but no such local study is available assessing the dental practitioners\u2019 attitudes and knowledge of evaluating physical abuse in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of dental practitioners of Pakistan about domestic violence. This cross-sectional study was carried out over 2\u00a0months, among 330 dentists across Pakistan, selected by convenience sampling technique. Data was collected via a pre-validated online questionnaire, filled anonymously after taking informed consent. The survey questionnaire collected data about dentists\u2019 demographics, awareness, and experiences about domestic violence cases via close-ended questions. Only 10.6% of participating dentists received formal training in the management of domestic violence cases. Approximately 55% of participants knew that physical abuse should be reported in all circumstances; however, half of them could not accurately identify the legal authorities where suspected cases should be reported. Only 20% of the participating dentists had ever suspected a case of physical abuse and 30% of those actually reported it to legal authorities. Participants characterized fear of anger from relatives as the most significant barrier toward reporting suspected cases. The analysis revealed that Pakistan\u2019s dentists lack adequate knowledge regarding domestic violence in terms of identification, relevant physical signs\/symptoms, and social indicators. Dentists of Pakistan had insufficient knowledge about the identification, management, and reporting of domestic violence cases. However, formal training and dentists\u2019 qualification were positively associated with overall awareness and practices regarding domestic violence case management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580211060799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T01:43:21Z","timestamp":1639705401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Dental Practitioners Regarding Domestic Violence in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0848-4316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Nasir","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Operative Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry CMH Lahore Medical College, NUMS, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hina Zafar","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry CMH Lahore Medical College, NUMS, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Shakoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Institute of Dentistry CMH Lahore Medical College, NUMS, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haroon","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vice President and Dy Chief Executive, CMH Lahore Medical College, NUMS, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqa","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elyon","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deceased, Former student Institute of Dentistry CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00469580211060799","volume-title":"Florida Domestic Violence","author":"Huecker MR","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr2-00469580211060799","volume-title":"Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women: Prevalence and Health Effects of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-partner Sexual Violence","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr3-00469580211060799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4079"},{"key":"bibr4-00469580211060799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838019835973"},{"key":"bibr5-00469580211060799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/13868"},{"key":"bibr6-00469580211060799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2019.11.009"},{"key":"bibr7-00469580211060799","volume-title":"Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence against Women: Findings from the National Violence against Women Survey","author":"Tjaden PG","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr8-00469580211060799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1996.0311"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr9-00469580211060799","first-page":"340","volume":"48","author":"Rupp RP","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"bibr10-00469580211060799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0588-y"},{"key":"bibr11-00469580211060799","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2012.0038"},{"key":"bibr12-00469580211060799","volume-title":"Combating child abuse and neglect in Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Sweden and The Netherlands. 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