{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T06:36:30Z","timestamp":1781937390530,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gia Lam Urban Development And Investment Company Limited, Vingroup","award":["VINIF.2020.COVID-19.DA03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VINIF.2020.COVID-19.DA03"]}]},{"name":"Vingroup Innovation Foundation","award":["VINIF.2020.COVID-19.DA03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VINIF.2020.COVID-19.DA03"]}]},{"name":"NUS iHeathtech Other Operating Expenses","award":["R-722-000-004-731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-722-000-004-731"]}]},{"name":"NUS Department of Psychological Medicine","award":["R-177-000-100-001\/R-177-000-003-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-177-000-100-001\/R-177-000-003-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Workplace violence is an increasing public health concern around the world. In Vietnam, attacks on healthcare workers have become a huge issue in recent years. Our study aims to shed more light on the issue and look at what variables affect acts of violence toward healthcare workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study by surveying 550 medical students from 3 universities in Vietnam. Following this survey on SurveyMonkey\u2019s platform (surveymonkey.com), the participants were suggested to invite their associates who met the selection criteria to join in this online survey. The structured questionnaire included demographics and details on the violence. There were 90.5% of respondents were medical students, the mean age was 23.3, and verbal abuse had a prevalence rate of 29.3%. Women respondents are less likely to suffer from violent experiences than men (OR\u2009=\u20090.48, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.28-0.84), and those specializing in nurse and technician also faced a lower rate of acts of aggression (physical violence: OR\u2009=\u20090.35; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.19-0.63, sexual harassment: OR\u2009=\u20090.36; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.15-0.87, and any type of violence: OR\u2009=\u20090.55, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.37-0.82). Medical students working in Ho Chi Minh City (OR\u2009=\u20090.55; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.34-0.89), and other regions (OR\u2009=\u20090.40; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.19-0.85) were significantly less likely to face verbal abuse than those working in Hanoi. The workplace culture needs to be changed to make sure that people feel comfortable reporting, especially those who are younger. Protecting medical students also ensures patient safety since victims of assault in the workplace can have severe aftereffects affecting their ability to provide good patient care. Hence, policies need to be implemented at both the government and hospital administration levels to keep health workers safe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580231179894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T08:33:41Z","timestamp":1686818021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Professional Preparedness Implications of Workplace Violence against Medical Students in Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0568-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linh Gia","family":"Vu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Nguyen Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VNU School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh","family":"Le Vu Ngoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Economics and Technology (iHEAT), Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Nguyen Si Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Economics and Technology (iHEAT), Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nila","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu Anh","family":"Trong Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuc Minh Thi","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Economics and Technology (iHEAT), Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl A.","family":"Latkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus S.H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger C.M.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-5-54"},{"key":"bibr2-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2012.01902.x"},{"key":"bibr3-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2016.07.023"},{"key":"bibr4-00469580231179894","unstructured":"Fenley MA, Jenkins EL, Pizatella TJ, Stout NA. Homicide in US workplaces; a strategy for prevention and research."},{"key":"bibr5-00469580231179894","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Framework Guidelines for Addressing Workplace Violence in the Health Sector. International Labour Organization, International Council of Nurses. World Health Organization and Public Services International; 2002."},{"key":"bibr6-00469580231179894","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Violence against health workers. World Health Organization. Accessed December 26, 2017. https:\/\/www.who.int\/activities\/preventing-violence-against-health-workers"},{"key":"bibr7-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-534"},{"key":"bibr8-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2702.2000.00401.x"},{"key":"bibr9-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.0100"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr10-00469580231179894","volume":"10","author":"Reith TP.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"bibr11-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5430870"},{"key":"bibr12-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001345"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr13-00469580231179894","first-page":"68","volume":"3","author":"Hein P","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Health Hyg"},{"key":"bibr14-00469580231179894","unstructured":"Nguyen H. Preventing and combating violence against health workers: Laws are very urgently needed! 2018. Accessed December 26, 2017. https:\/\/baophapluat.vn\/phong-chong-bao-hanh-nhan-vien-y-te-rat-can-co-luat-post278616.html"},{"key":"bibr15-00469580231179894","unstructured":"Vietnam News. Vietnam sees rise in doctor assaults.Accessed December 26, 2017. https:\/\/vietnamnews.vn\/society\/health\/423414\/vn-sees-rise-in-doctor-assaults.html 2018."},{"key":"bibr16-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018774429"},{"key":"bibr17-00469580231179894","author":"Pal\u00e1cios M","year":"2003","journal-title":"ILO, ICN, WHO and PSI joint Programme on workplace violence"},{"key":"bibr18-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101381"},{"key":"bibr19-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1501998"},{"key":"bibr20-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1328-2743(05)80028-8"},{"key":"bibr21-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14269"},{"key":"bibr22-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041256"},{"key":"bibr23-00469580231179894","unstructured":"Tran H, Pretorius R. Vietnamese medical education and development of family medicine in Vietnam. 2007. Accessed January 20, 2018.\u2009https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.660.4254&rep=rep1&type=pdf"},{"key":"bibr24-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2014.07.010"},{"key":"bibr25-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1164-3"},{"key":"bibr26-00469580231179894","volume-title":"Human Resources for Health Country Profiles: Viet Nam","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr27-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4910791"},{"key":"bibr28-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2011.01392.x"},{"key":"bibr29-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2017.12.019"},{"key":"bibr30-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-016-0078-2"},{"key":"bibr31-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01393-5"},{"key":"bibr32-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(01)00050-5"},{"key":"bibr33-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2021.1604396"},{"key":"bibr34-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2018.1538426"},{"key":"bibr35-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-07381-5"},{"key":"bibr36-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811519"},{"key":"bibr37-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000204"},{"key":"bibr38-00469580231179894","unstructured":"Binh N. Violence against healthcare workers and solutions for a safe working environment at medical facilities. Ministry of Health. 2017. Accessed December 26, 2017. https:\/\/moh.gov.vn\/web\/phong-chong-benh-nghe-nghiep\/thong-tin-hoat-dong\/-\/asset_publisher\/xjpQsFUZRw4q\/content\/nan-bao-hanh-nhan-vien-y-te-va-giai-phap-cho-moi-truong-lao-ong-an-toan-tai-co-so-y-te?inheritRedirect=false"},{"key":"bibr39-00469580231179894","unstructured":"United Nations. A new era of conflict and violence. Accessed December 26, 2017. https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/un75\/new-era-conflict-and-violence#:~:text=The%20nature%20of%20conflict%20and,based%20attacks%20are%20increasing%20globally"},{"key":"bibr40-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05757-7"},{"key":"bibr41-00469580231179894","first-page":"98","volume":"8","author":"Havaei F","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"},{"key":"bibr42-00469580231179894","unstructured":"American College of Emergency Physicians. Violence in the ED: Resources for a Safer Workplace. Accessed December 26, 2017. https:\/\/www.acep.org\/administration\/violence-in-the-emergency-department-resources-for-a-safer-workplace\/"},{"key":"bibr43-00469580231179894","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01870.x"}],"container-title":["INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580231179894","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00469580231179894","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580231179894","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:08:31Z","timestamp":1777460911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00469580231179894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00469580231179894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00469580231179894","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0046-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"00469580231179894"}}