{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T14:55:12Z","timestamp":1777733712826,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006733","name":"Indiana University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grand Challenge in Addiction"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grand Challenge in Addiction"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Addiction remains difficult to treat, but non-invasive transcranial electrical and magnetic neurostimulation methods may provide promising and cost-effective treatment approaches. We provide a narrative review of recent developments and evidence of effectiveness and consider newer technology that may yield improved treatment approaches. In particular, we review temporal interference electrical neurostimulation, which allows non-invasive and focal stimulation of deep brain regions. This provides a promising new potential approach to treat addiction, because many of the brain regions that seem most important for addiction are deeper in the brain, out of reach of existing technologies such as transcranial direct current stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580231221286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T05:33:40Z","timestamp":1703482420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transcranial Electrical Neurostimulation as a Potential Addiction Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3226-6360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua W.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00469580231221286","unstructured":"National Center for Drug Abuse Statistics. Drug Abuse Statistics. Published May 22, 2023. Accessed May 22, 2023. https:\/\/drugabusestatistics.org"},{"key":"bibr2-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/496159a"},{"key":"bibr3-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-020-00044-6"},{"key":"bibr4-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12415"},{"key":"bibr5-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135926"},{"key":"bibr6-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01834-y"},{"key":"bibr7-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1233489"},{"key":"bibr8-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.02.012"},{"key":"bibr9-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.09.006"},{"key":"bibr10-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000509313"},{"key":"bibr11-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.07.2008.0539"},{"key":"bibr12-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000228930"},{"key":"bibr13-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01677-6"},{"key":"bibr14-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13734"},{"key":"bibr15-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894."},{"key":"bibr16-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.006"},{"key":"bibr17-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.007"},{"key":"bibr18-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000541"},{"key":"bibr19-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108132"},{"key":"bibr20-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27057-1"},{"key":"bibr21-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01670-3"},{"key":"bibr22-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.11.FOCUS17621"},{"key":"bibr23-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-018-0456-6"},{"key":"bibr24-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/psychiatryint4030029"},{"key":"bibr25-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.024"},{"key":"bibr26-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.23.051870"},{"key":"bibr27-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.01.032"},{"key":"bibr28-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau4915"},{"key":"bibr29-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202200075"},{"key":"bibr30-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.945221"},{"key":"bibr31-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.633988"},{"key":"bibr32-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.01.709"},{"key":"bibr33-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.01.031"},{"key":"bibr34-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01456-8"},{"key":"bibr35-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-023-00120-7"},{"key":"bibr36-00469580231221286","first-page":"S40","volume":"55","author":"Benabid AL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bibr37-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202200691"},{"key":"bibr38-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-019-09417-4"},{"key":"bibr39-00469580231221286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10530"}],"container-title":["INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580231221286","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00469580231221286","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580231221286","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:08:48Z","timestamp":1777460928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00469580231221286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00469580231221286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00469580231221286","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0046-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"00469580231221286"}}