{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T14:57:13Z","timestamp":1777733833128,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Co-funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office (FCDO) of the United Kingdom Government","award":["OPP1195617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1195617"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute childhood diarrhea is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are the common cause of childhood diarrhea in the region. However, there are only few studies on protozoa causing diarrhea in sub-Saharan African countries. This study was conducted to investigate the relative prevalence and explore risk factors of E. histolytica and G. lamblia among diarrheic children of under 5\u2009years in a public hospital of Ethiopia. A retrospective study was conducted among diarrheic children at Hiwot Fana hospital, Ethiopia. Records of all diarrheic children less than 5\u2009years who had sought medical treatment in the hospital from September 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were included. Data were collected from 1257 medical records of the children using a structured data-collection format. Data were entered into an Excel sheet and exported into SPSS version 22 for data processing and analysis. Descriptive statistical tests, Chi-square, and logistic region analysis were applied to determine predictors of protozoa infections. Of the 1257 cases, 962 (76.5%) had watery diarrhea and the remaining 239 (19.0%) had dysentery. The combined prevalence of E. histolytica and G. lamblia among diarrheic children was 11.8% (95% CI: 9.6-13.4). As the age of children increased, the frequency of these two protozoan infections was significantly increased compared to children with other causes. There were more diarrhea cases during the summer season including those associated with E. histolytica and G. lamblia. This study revealed that 1 in 10 causes of diarhhea among young children in the study area was likely caused by E. histolytica and G. lamblia. These findings call for community-based safe water and food safety interventions in order to reduce childhood diarrhea caused by protozoan infections in resource-poor settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580241242784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T03:22:45Z","timestamp":1712632965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Protozoan Pathogens Among Diarrheic Children Under 5\u2009Years in Public Hospital of Ethiopia During the Global COVID 19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7555-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tesfaye","family":"Gobena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinaol","family":"Belina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Hald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00469580241242784","unstructured":"WHO. Diarrhoeal disease. 2017. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diarrhoeal-disease, Accessed May 5, 2023."},{"key":"bibr2-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257522"},{"key":"bibr3-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001923"},{"key":"bibr4-00469580241242784","volume-title":"WHO Estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases: Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group 2007-2015","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr5-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42522-021-00048-5"},{"key":"bibr6-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2023.1058977"},{"key":"bibr7-00469580241242784","volume-title":"Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016","author":"CSA ICF.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr8-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302231174744"},{"key":"bibr9-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.07.003"},{"key":"bibr10-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells6040044"},{"key":"bibr11-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142927"},{"key":"bibr12-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8884064"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr13-00469580241242784","first-page":"73","volume":"77","author":"Dhubyan Mohammed Zaki Z","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Razi Institute"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr14-00469580241242784","volume":"12","author":"Kirk MD","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"bibr15-00469580241242784","volume-title":"WHO Global Strategy for Food Safety 2022-2030: Towards Stronger Food Safety Systems and Global Cooperation","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr16-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221076370"},{"key":"bibr17-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15337-z"},{"key":"bibr18-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-015-0081-x"},{"key":"bibr19-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7066529"},{"key":"bibr20-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3166-3"},{"key":"bibr21-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05881-7"},{"key":"bibr22-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1822-4"},{"key":"bibr23-00469580241242784","author":"Zenebe T","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research Square"},{"key":"bibr24-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2268554"},{"key":"bibr25-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006956"},{"key":"bibr26-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.34.170.17403"},{"key":"bibr27-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9214689"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr28-00469580241242784","first-page":"449","volume":"136","author":"Naz A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"bibr29-00469580241242784","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.904-909.2006"}],"container-title":["INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580241242784","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00469580241242784","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580241242784","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:09:14Z","timestamp":1777460954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00469580241242784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00469580241242784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00469580241242784","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0046-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"00469580241242784"}}