{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:05:23Z","timestamp":1790111123507,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the opioid epidemic remains a major issue in the United States, with over 80,000 deaths attributed to opioids in 2021. This public health crisis continues to impact communities across the country, highlighting the need for intervention and reflecting the nation\u2019s failed attempts at prohibition through criminalization to reduce opioid use. Harm reduction methodshave proven to be effective in preventing adverse health outcomes and promoting the overall well-being of individuals with opioid use disorders. However, significant gaps remain in the universal implementation by healthcare providers. This review evaluated the PICOT question: What barriers exist among providers in implementing evidence-based harm reduction methods for adults aged 18\u2009years and older, with and without opioid use disorders? A literature search was conducted across databases using key words which included: \u201cHealth care provider,\u201d \u201cPhysician,\u201d \u201cPharmacist,\u201d \u201cHarm reduction,\u201d \u201cHarm reduction programs,\u201d \u201cNaloxone,\u201d \u201cBuprenorphine-naloxone induction,\u201d \u201cMethadone,\u201d \u201cNaloxone take home kits,\u201d \u201cStigma,\u201d \u201cBarriers,\u201d \u201cNegative perception,\u201d \u201cRefusal.\u201d The inclusion criteria focused on identifying provider barriers, specifically regarding opioid use. . The review revealed 3 major barriers that exist among providers to prevent harm reduction: stigma, lack of education and knowledge, and lack of access to resources for long-term management. Recognizing these barriers among providers can help organizations develop targeted interventions to overcome them, leading to widespread adoption of opioid harm reduction methods. The results provide an initial narrative review of the current evidence at the time of the authors search to inform practice, policy, and future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580241276144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1727184043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identifying Provider Barriers to the Implementation of Opioid Harm Reduction Methods: An Initial Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7409-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacie A.","family":"Dee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketrice-Ann","family":"Delonnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Destiny","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahimir","family":"Jean-Baptiste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00469580241276144","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Overdose Deaths In 2021 Increased Half as Much as in 2020 \u2013 But Are Still Up 15%. National Center for Health Statistics. Published May 22, 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2022\/202205.htm"},{"key":"bibr2-00469580241276144","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Timeline of Selected FDA Activities and Significant Events Addressing Substance Use and Overdose Prevention. U.S. Food And Drug Administration; n.d. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/information-drug-class\/timeline-selected-fda-activities-and-significant-events-addressing-opioid-misuse-and-abuse"},{"key":"bibr3-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic. The National Academic Press; 2017:187-189. doi: 10.17226\/24781","DOI":"10.17226\/24781"},{"key":"bibr4-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1541-6577.33.4.310"},{"key":"bibr5-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2022.2060423"},{"key":"bibr6-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2021.1936457"},{"key":"bibr7-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.04.004"},{"key":"bibr8-00469580241276144","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Understanding Stigma of Mental and Substance Use Disorders. NIH National Library of Medicine; 2016:1-24. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK384923\/"},{"key":"bibr9-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0178-6"},{"key":"bibr10-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108485"},{"key":"bibr11-00469580241276144","unstructured":"Feldman N. What Happens Now That the Supreme Court Won\u2019t Hear Safehouse\u2019s Supervised Injection Site Case? WHYY. Published October 14, 2021. https:\/\/whyy.org\/articles\/what-happens-now-that-the-supreme-court-wont-hear-safehouses-supervised-injection-site-case\/."},{"key":"bibr12-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0262-6"},{"key":"bibr13-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20200190"},{"key":"bibr14-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43678-021-00191-y"},{"key":"bibr15-00469580241276144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1906280"},{"key":"bibr16-00469580241276144","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Waiver Elimination (MAT Act). Published May 29, 2024. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/medications-substance-use-disorders\/waiver-elimination-mat-act"}],"container-title":["INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580241276144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00469580241276144","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580241276144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:09:42Z","timestamp":1777460982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00469580241276144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00469580241276144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00469580241276144","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0046-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"00469580241276144"}}