{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:52:50Z","timestamp":1782301970853,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between living arrangements and depressive symptoms has been documented in previous systematic studies but remains controversial. This study further explored the association between living arrangements and depressive symptoms. It utilized newly published data and implemented a more rational categorization of living arrangement styles based on census data. The sample for this study was drawn from the China Health and Aging Tracking Survey (CHARLS) 2020 survey data and included 6527 residents aged at least 60\u2009years. Depressive symptoms were defined by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association between living arrangements and depressive symptoms. Additionally, gender differences in this association were analyzed, and 4 distinct living arrangement patterns were compared. Compared with living alone, living with spouse or living with children and spouse was associated with lower odds of experiencing depressive symptoms (OR\u2009=\u20090.281 95% CI 0.134-0.588 and 0.381 95% CI 0.177-0.819). The spouse, not the child, influences depressive symptoms in older adults. There was no significant association between women\u2019s living arrangements and depressive symptoms. The associations of the variables with depressive symptoms within the 4 living arrangement styles were generally the same as the associations of the variables with depressive symptoms within the total sample, but there were differences between the associations of the individual variables and depressive symptoms. Older adults who live alone or live with children without a spouse are more likely to experience depressive symptoms. More attention should be given to older adults who live with children without a spouse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580251366147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T10:49:41Z","timestamp":1755341381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["It Is the Spouse, Not the Children, That Influences Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: Evidence From CHARLS"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Chaoqun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2288-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanfu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2014.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO). Depression. 31 March 2023. Accessed June 25 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/depression"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61097-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7105.413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24687-1_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. Main Information of the Seventh National Census. 11 March 2021. Accessed June 28 2024. https:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/sj\/zxfb\/202302\/t20230203_1901081.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-1914-4_142-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17486831.2011.567017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20170065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbn002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01880-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/61.5.S256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2019.1660856"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.040741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12062-021-09348-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.2.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7350-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199908)14:8<608::AID-GPS991>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610213001701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hcs2.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9752-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02286-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09119-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2017-0006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03959-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"370","volume-title":"Routledge Handbook of Asian Demography","author":"Esteve A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Esteve A, Liu C. Families in Asia: A cross-national comparison of household-size and co-residence. In: Zhao Z, Hayes AC eds. Routledge Handbook of Asian Demography. Routledge; 2018;370-393."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61816-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jcfs.23.3.431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2004.00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00914150211024181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-020-09385-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264315591003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02541-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16020278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2013.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afm001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.954416"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X07313602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0904-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2574"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/00469580261450809","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000}}],"container-title":["INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580251366147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00469580251366147","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580251366147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:10:32Z","timestamp":1777461032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00469580251366147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00469580251366147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00469580251366147","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0046-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"article-number":"00469580251366147"}}