{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:13:18Z","timestamp":1792393998718,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study explores the relationship between precarious employment and unmet healthcare needs among low-skilled migrant workers with E-9 visas in South Korea, addressing health disparities in a rapidly aging society. Using microdata from the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">2024 Survey on Immigrants\u2019 Living Conditions and Labor Force<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n\u2009=\u20092576), latent class analysis identified 3 employment types: High Precarity Type (37.8%), Moderate Precarity Type (34.0%), and Low Precarity Type (28.2%). Logistic regression, controlling for demographic, and immigration-related factors, showed that the Moderate Precarity Type (OR\u2009=\u2009.53,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05) and Low Precarity Type (OR\u2009=\u2009.37,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.01) had lower odds of unmet healthcare needs compared to the High Precarity Type. Higher wages (OR\u2009=\u2009.48,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05) and income satisfaction (OR\u2009=\u2009.69,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.01) reduced unmet needs, while workplace discrimination (OR\u2009=\u20092.43,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.01) increased them. Employment status based on contract duration, working hours, and workplace size showed no significant associations. These findings highlight how structural vulnerabilities within the Employment Permit System (EPS) exacerbate healthcare access barriers. Policy recommendations include prohibiting workplace discrimination to promote equitable work environments, reducing healthcare copayments for low-income migrant workers, and reforming the EPS to ease workplace mobility and enhance visa stability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580251390282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T10:42:39Z","timestamp":1761734559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Unmet Healthcare Needs in Unstable Jobs: Perspectives from Low-Skilled Migrant Workers in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4264-5399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Chul","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Welfare, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6107\/JKHA.2025.36.1.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"The 20th Anniversary White Paper on the Employment Permit System","author":"Ministry of Employment and Labor, Human Resources Development Service of Korea","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ministry of Employment and Labor, Human Resources Development Service of Korea. 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