{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:08:27Z","timestamp":1777734507877,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009471","name":"Stiftelsen Dam","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010698","name":"landsforeningen for hjerte- og lungesyke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"astrazeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to evaluate a web-based self-assessment tool for COPD case finding using algorithm-based COPD risk stratification, and to compare breathlessness (mMRC) and respiratory health-related quality of life (HRQoL) across risk groups and with self-reported COPD. We conducted a\u2009cross-sectional web-based survey\u2009of anonymous visitors completing a\u2009web-based self-assessment tool including demographics, COPD risk factors,\u2009breathlessness (mMRC), and\u2009respiratory HRQoL\u2009(CAT and K-BILD).\u2009Only respondents with complete responses were analyzed. COPD risk was algorithmically classified as high- or low-risk based on responses to age, smoking or dust exposure, respiratory symptoms, history of exacerbations, and the mMRC score. Individuals classified as having a high-risk of COPD received a prompt recommendation to consult their general practitioners. Group comparisons were performed using chi-square or ANCOVA, adjusting for covariates (age, sex, and current smoking). All analyses were exploratory, without corrections for multiple testing. In total, 57\u2009847 people visited the website between Oct 2018 and Nov 2024, of whom 8779 (63% female) completed the full survey. Of those 8779 (63% female), 799 reported a COPD diagnosis (mean age 64.1\u2009years). The high-risk (n\u2009=\u20096569) and the low-risk (n\u2009=\u20091411) groups were younger than the self-reported COPD group (58.4, and 54.6 vs 60.1\u2009years,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). Self-reported COPD was associated with a lower proportion of never smokers than the high- and low-risk groups (7.1% vs 15.0% and 22.0%, respectively;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). Individuals with self-reported COPD had greater breathlessness (mMRC: 1.74\u2009\u00b1\u20091.28, 1.39\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 and 0\u2009\u00b1\u20090) and poorer HRQoL (CAT 18.9\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9, 15.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0 and 10.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5; K-BILD 64.4\u2009\u00b1\u200919.2, 73.1\u2009\u00b1\u200918.6 and 87.4\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8) than both high- and low-risk groups (all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). Breathlessness and respiratory HRQoL differed across\u2009algorithm-based COPD risk stratification\u2009groups, and the\u2009algorithmically identified high-risk\u2009group showed a profile closer to\u2009self-reported COPD\u2009than the low-risk group. These findings support a\u2009web-based self-assessment tool as an approach for\u2009early COPD case finding\u2009and\u2009identifying undiagnosed COPD, although further validation is required.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580261432827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:40:00Z","timestamp":1775666400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Web-Based COPD Risk Self-Assessment Identifies a High-Risk Group With HRQoL Resembling Self-Reported COPD: Cross-Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8377-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernt B\u00f8gvald","family":"Aarli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"KBB Medic AS, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kjell","family":"Garatun-Tjeldst\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBB Medic AS, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2470-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Odd Erik","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JOE Medical, H\u00f6vik, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laxmi","family":"Bhatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NordicRWE, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnt-Ove","family":"Hovden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astra Zeneca, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oeystein","family":"Naess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astra Zeneca, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marthe","family":"Gundersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LHL, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bjarte","family":"Nore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBB Medic AS, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Bergen Legevakt, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2024 Report). 2025. Accessed August 10 2025. https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/2024-gold-report\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)#:~:text=Key%20facts %2Dincome%20countries%20(LMIC). Accessed August 10 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17686-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S235106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatt SP O\u2019Connor GT. Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: challenges and opportunities. JAMA. 2022;327(18):1768-1770.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.3823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30149-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201603-0622OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"952","article-title":"Surveillance for respiratory hazards in the occupational setting [American Thoracic Society]","volume":"126","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1982","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society. Surveillance for respiratory hazards in the occupational setting [American Thoracic Society]. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;126:952-956.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5147.257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00102509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2024.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.27403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-201581"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000598"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx726"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15412550801940721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S110429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00510-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/en\/helse\/helseforhold-og-levevaner\/statistikk\/royk-alkohol-og-andre-rusmidler. 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