{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:09:41Z","timestamp":1777734581052,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as a condition in which the child takes only breast milk and no additional food, water, or other liquids for the first 6\u2009months of its life. Even though many contributing factors are present for this problem, fathers\u2019 knowledge about breastfeeding is a vital and neglected part. A baby has a higher chance of being breastfed if the father has more knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to assess knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among fathers of infants aged under 1\u2009year in Northeast Ethiopia, 2023. A community-based cross-sectional study was done with 620 fathers whose wives had given birth in the previous year. A multistage sampling process was used to choose study participants. A pretested and organized questionnaire was used to collect data, which was administered via interviews. The information was entered into EpiData version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used, and variables having a\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    -value lower than .05 were regarded as significant factors impacting the outcome variable. In this study, a total of 612 participants were involved. Out of 612, 374(61.1%) of participants had good knowledge (95% CI 57.2-64.9). Forty percent of respondents were in the age group of 30 to 34\u2009years. The majority of the respondents, 420 (68.6%), were urban residents. Living in a rural residence(AOR\u2009=\u20090.16, 95% CI: 0.1-0.33), attending secondary school and above (AOR\u2009=\u20093.83, 95% CI: 1.47-13.04), employers (AOR\u2009=\u20091.87(1.20-5.4)), accompanying during antenatal contact(AOR\u2009=\u20095.15, 95% CI: 2.07-12.81), and wives\u2019 postnatal follow-up (AOR\u2009=\u20096.1, 95% CI: 2.90-14.25) were independent predictors of good knowledge level of respondents. Nearly two-thirds of fathers had good knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. Key predictors included rural residence, wives\u2019 postnatal care, accompanying antenatal visits, higher education, and employment status.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580261441127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:10:16Z","timestamp":1776085816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Associated Factors Among Fathers of Infants Under 1 year in Northeast Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3304-3245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mulugeta","family":"Animaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolkite University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5748-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolkite University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8231-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aynalem","family":"Belay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolkite University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7735-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenebe","family":"Tefera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amare","family":"Workie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1942-5162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mangistu","family":"Abera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolkite University, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Stunting Policy Brief","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Stunting Policy Brief. World Health Organization; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Ethiopian National Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding","author":"Belay T.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Belay T. Ethiopian National Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding. Federal Ministry of Health Family Health Department; 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-8-13"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"3007","article-title":"Exclusive breastfeeding rates and associated factors in 13 \u201cEconomic Community of West African States\u201d (ECOWAS) countries","volume":"11","author":"Agho KE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agho KE, Ezeh OK, Ghimire PR, et al. Exclusive breastfeeding rates and associated factors in 13 \u201cEconomic Community of West African States\u201d (ECOWAS) countries. Nutr. 2019;11(12):3007.","journal-title":"Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00380.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","volume-title":"The Extension of the 2025 Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition Targets to 2030","author":"UNICEF","year":"2021","unstructured":"UNICEF. The Extension of the 2025 Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition Targets to 2030, WHO; 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Tracking Progress for Breastfeeding Policies and Programmes","author":"UNICEF","year":"2017","unstructured":"UNICEF. Tracking Progress for Breastfeeding Policies and Programmes. Global Breastfeeding Collective; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01024-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-7-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","volume-title":"Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011","author":"Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia) and ORC Macro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia) and ORC Macro. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Central Statistics Agency and ORC Macro; 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y\u0131lmaz E \u00d6cal FD Y\u0131lmaz ZV et al. Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding: factors influencing the attitudes of mothers who gave birth in a baby friendly hospital. 2017; 14(1): 1-9.","DOI":"10.4274\/tjod.90018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449701300116"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"290","article-title":"A descriptive study to assess the paternal knowledge and attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding in a selected tertiary care setting, Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"20","author":"Abirami M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abirami M, Abishek B, Gayathri K, et al. A descriptive study to assess the paternal knowledge and attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding in a selected tertiary care setting, Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Med Leg Update. 2020;20(2):290.","journal-title":"Med Leg Update"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/safp.v64i1.5366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00313-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran Huu Bich THB Nguyen Manh Cuong NMC. Changes in knowledge attitude and involvement of fathers in supporting exclusive breastfeeding: a community-based intervention study in a rural area of Vietnam. 2017;62(1):17-26.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-016-0882-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","volume-title":"Counselling of Women to Improve Breastfeeding Practices","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Counselling of Women to Improve Breastfeeding Practices. World Health Organization; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"WHO Antenatal Care Recommendations for a Positive Pregnancy Experience. Maternal and Fetal Assessment Update: Imaging Ultrasound Before 24 Weeks of Pregnancy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Antenatal Care Recommendations for a Positive Pregnancy Experience. Maternal and Fetal Assessment Update: Imaging Ultrasound Before 24 Weeks of Pregnancy. World Health Organization; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","volume-title":"Infant and Young Child Feeding: Model Chapter for Textbooks for Medical Students and Allied Health Professionals","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Infant and Young Child Feeding: Model Chapter for Textbooks for Medical Students and Allied Health Professionals. WHO; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191620"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency (CSA) ICF International. Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2016. 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-048700"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and father\u2019s role in exclusive breastfeeding practice in South Jakarta Area, Indonesia","volume":"3","author":"Damanik R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Damanik R, Novika Y. Knowledge, attitude, and father\u2019s role in exclusive breastfeeding practice in South Jakarta Area, Indonesia. Medical and Scientific journal, 2009;3(1):1-29.","journal-title":"Medical and Scientific journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"154","article-title":"Knowledge and attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding practices among fathers who attend primary health care facilities in suburban Malaysia","volume":"7","author":"Mohamad N","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohamad N, Ahmad N, Abd Rahman A, et al. Knowledge and attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding practices among fathers who attend primary health care facilities in suburban Malaysia. 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