{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:49:16Z","timestamp":1791888556334,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There is a dearth of information explaining how low back pain (LBP) impacts populations aged 55 years and above (55\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) in Ethiopia. Thus, this analysis provides insightful information on the metrics of low back pain (LBP), specifically prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) among populations aged 55+ in Ethiopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non-fatal health outcomes of LBP among adults aged 55\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      years per 10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      populations were analyzed. This study has used methods and tools of the GBD 2023 study. Disease modeling with Bayesian meta-regression was used. Spatial and temporal variations in metrics were smoothed by applying the spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Each metric from 1990 to 2023 was declared along with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of LBP was estimated to be 18,777 cases\/10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      (95% UI: 15,600-22,114) among adults aged 55\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      years in Ethiopia by 2023, with significant differences observed by sex [22,919 cases\/10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      females (19,252-26,791) versus 15,828 cases\/10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      males (13,125-18,619)]. The incidence of LBP was estimated to be 9,160 new cases\/10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      adults aged 55\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      years (7,744-9,837) in 2023, with 6,631 new cases among 10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      females (5,570-7,902) and 7,320 new cases among 10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      males (6172-8794). There were an estimated 2,092 YLDs\/10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      adults aged 55\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      years (1,455-2,841) in 2023, with 2,480 YLDs\/10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      females (1,729-3,386) and 1,732 YLDs\/10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      males (1,206-2,340). Higher rates of LBP were estimated among adults aged 65 to 94 years. However, there was no significant variation in the rates by region. There was a notable decline in the rates between 1990 and 2023, except for stable rates in Addis Ababa, Amhara, and Tigray.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study determined high rates of morbidity and disability from LBP in Ethiopia, with considerable decline from 1990 to 2023. Physical activity, body weight management, ergonomic adjustments, and lifestyle changes can be recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580261448603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:00:57Z","timestamp":1791561657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-Fatal Health Outcomes of Low Back Pain Among Adults Aged 55 Years and Above in Ethiopia From 1990 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Sebsibe","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bule Hora University"},{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6489-3923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina Temesgen","family":"Tolera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haramaya University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolyu","family":"Korma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Werabe University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Embay Amare","family":"Alemseged","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adigrat University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonas","family":"Angaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adigrat University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailu","family":"Lemma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lechisa","family":"Asefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30489-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","volume-title":"GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2023","author":"IHME, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)","year":"2023","unstructured":"IHME, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2023. IHME, University of Washington. Available from. https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-compare. (Accessed 5\/1\/2025).For terms and conditions of use, please visit. https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/about\/terms-and-conditions, (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","unstructured":"GBD. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-results\/. 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72597-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1181591"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08326-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181ebdaf9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2011.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-009-9051-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2015-000024"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Vertebral compression fractures in the elderly","volume":"69","author":"Old JL","year":"2004","unstructured":"Old JL, Calvert M. Vertebral compression fractures in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69:111-116.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200202150-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341417"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.74.12.905"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30488-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","unstructured":"CSA. Central Statistical Agency Population projections for Ethiopia 2007\u20132037. Available. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2024\/03\/29\/ethiopia-afe-world-bank-helps-strengthen-rural-connectivity-and-road-access-to-boost-climate-resilience-food-security. 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","unstructured":"EHDS. Health data overview for the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?client=opera&q=life+expectance+of+ethiopia&sourceid=opera&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8. 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","unstructured":"IHME. Protocol for the global burden of diseases injuries and risk factors study (GBD). Available at. https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/research-analysis\/about-gbd\/protocol. 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","volume-title":"GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2023","author":"IHME, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)","year":"2025","unstructured":"IHME, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2023. IHME, University of Washington. Available from. https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-compare. (Accessed 5\/18\/2025).For terms and conditions of use, please visit. https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/about\/terms-and-conditions, (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","unstructured":"Mathieu E. How does age standardization make health metrics comparable? Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved on May 2025 from. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/age-standardization. 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07594-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","volume-title":"Why Are Women More Prone to Lower Back Pain","author":"CLH Chase Lodge Hospital\/CLH","year":"2023","unstructured":"CLH Chase Lodge Hospital\/CLH, ed. Why Are Women More Prone to Lower Back Pain. Accessed April 2025.Availabale at. https:\/\/chaselodgehospital.com\/, in: Hospitals U, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2016.04.06"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08326-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","volume-title":"GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2023","author":"IHME, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)","year":"2023","unstructured":"IHME, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2023. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington. Available from. https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-compare. (Accessed 5\/9\/2025). For terms and conditions of use, please visit. https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/about\/terms-and-conditions, (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00089-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2013.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221114311"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-096986"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043494"}],"container-title":["INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580261448603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00469580261448603","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580261448603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:19:02Z","timestamp":1791886742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00469580261448603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00469580261448603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00469580261448603","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0046-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"article-number":"00469580261448603"}}