{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:54:15Z","timestamp":1781502855615,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Late HIV diagnosis increases hospitalization and mortality, but evidence from Latin America remains limited. This study assessed the frequency of late HIV diagnosis among hospitalized patients and described temporal trends in clinical characteristics, opportunistic infections, and short-term outcomes in the Colombian Caribbean.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital (2014-2023), including adults with late HIV diagnosis defined as CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell counts &lt;350 cells\/\u00b5L or an AIDS-defining illness. Data was obtained from medical records, and 6-month mortality was verified through the national health insurance database. Multivariable logistic regression assessed predictors of 6-month mortality, and temporal trends were evaluated (chi-square for trend).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-one patients met the criteria for late HIV diagnosis. Most were male (74.1%) with a median age of 42 years (interquartile range [IQR] 32-50), low socioeconomic status, and limited education. Opportunistic infections were frequent, particularly infectious diarrhea (46.9%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia (24.7%), and tuberculosis (16%). Median CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell count was 46 cells\/\u00b5L (IQR 21\u2013112). Intensive care unit (ICU) admission occurred in 27.2%, with in-hospital and 6-month mortality of 13.5% and 32.1%, respectively. CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell count &lt;100 cells\/\u00b5L independently predicted 6-month mortality (OR 7.9, 95% CI 1.48-42.8; p=0.01). Over time, patients with late HIV diagnosis increased, while opportunistic infections (p=0.009), severe immunosuppression (p=0.02), and in-hospital (p=0.02) and 6-month mortality (p=0.003) declined significantly.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the substantial burden and evolving pattern of late HIV diagnosis, with increasing cases but improved short-term outcomes. Early detection and targeted interventions remain essential in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580261456918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T06:25:18Z","timestamp":1781245518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolving Trends in Late HIV Diagnosis: Increasing Frequency but Improved Survival and Reduced Opportunistic Infections in a 10-Year Hospital-Based Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Sandra Patricia","family":"Teran-Pacheco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universidad del Norte and Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jose","family":"Espitia de la Hoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universidad del Norte and Universidad del Norte"},{"name":"Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldine Tatiana","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universidad del Norte and Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universidad del Norte and Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Sarmiento-Arraut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Quintero-Palencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Insignares-Pareja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universidad del Norte and Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Marin Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Abuchaibe-Olivella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universidad del Norte and Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8408-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Viasus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universidad del Norte and Universidad del Norte"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00452-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70023"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101600"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13425"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2024-2023 data","author":"WHO Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2024","unstructured":"WHO Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. HIV\/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2024-2023 data. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. Available from:. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/hiv-aids-surveillance-europe-2024-2023-data. [Last accessed: December 15, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). HIV\/AIDS. Available from:. https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/topics\/hivaids. [Last accessed: December 15 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz252"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","unstructured":"Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo. Cuenta de Alto Costo (CAC). Situaci\u00f3n del VIH en Colombia. Available from. https:\/\/cuentadealtocosto.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Situacion-del-VIH-en-Colombia-2024-2.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=transaction. [Last accessed: December 15 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. the HIV Medicine Association and the Infectious Diseases Society of America Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents With HIV\u2014A Working Group of the NIH Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council (OARAC). Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Available from:. https:\/\/clinicalinfo.hiv.gov\/en\/guidelines\/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections\/whats-new. 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