{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T16:44:34Z","timestamp":1787330674771,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, Taiwan","award":["NSCT 112-2410-H-006-105; 1120028 and QQ9108013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSCT 112-2410-H-006-105; 1120028 and QQ9108013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are associated with a less healthy workforce, higher medical expenditures, and worse on-the-job performance. The allocation of limited health resources between prevention and treatment is therefore critical, as it could influence both NCDs-related mortality risk and on-the-job productivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using panel data from 38 OECD countries over the period 2000 to 2023, this study applies the system generalized method of moments (GMM) to examine (a) the nexus of prevention-cure-NCDs death probability, and (b) the possible roles of preventive and curative health services on the path of saving the economy\u2019s production loss attributable to the risk of NCDs death for the population aged 30 to 70.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating preventive and curative health services is associated with improvements in health outcomes and economic productivity. If prevention is maintained at the current level (0.27% of GDP) and curative health spending is continually allocated at a GDP ratio of 10.2%, the probability of dying from NCDs could decrease from the current 13.94% to 13.84%. Annual earnings per worker are estimated to increase from USD 49,036.52 to USD 49,515.49, while GDP per worker is projected to rise from USD 101,727.7 to USD 103,980.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender disparities in NCDs mortality risk persist. The findings underscore the importance of aligning investments in both preventive and curative health interventions to address the burden of noncommunicable diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580261479221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:31:36Z","timestamp":1787167896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Cure: Work Performance and Gender Disparities in Mortality Risk"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Fuhmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsefu","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9676-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuang-Liang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Sun Yat-Sen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","volume-title":"Noncommunicable diseases global monitoring framework: indicator definitions and specifications","author":"WHO","year":"2014","unstructured":"WHO. Noncommunicable diseases global monitoring framework: indicator definitions and specifications. World Health Organization; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","volume-title":"Tackling NCDs: best buys and other recommended interventions for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases","author":"WHO","year":"2024","unstructured":"WHO. Tackling NCDs: best buys and other recommended interventions for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. second edition. World Health Organization; 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294653"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","volume-title":"An estimation of the economic impact of chronic noncommunicable diseases in selected countries","author":"Abegunde D","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abegunde D, Stanciole A. An estimation of the economic impact of chronic noncommunicable diseases in selected countries. World Health Organization, Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion; 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948251352029"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1406751"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-505"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133755"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0843"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61347-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.12195"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2022.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-019-09759-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.45.2.364"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-021-00321-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0300300101"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(98)00009-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","volume-title":"Noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance in the WHO European Region: an overview of the STEPS survey 2013-2019","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance in the WHO European Region: an overview of the STEPS survey 2013-2019. World Health Organization; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","volume-title":"Health Indicators","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2026","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Health Indicators. World Health Organization; 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","volume-title":"Economic Growth","author":"Barro R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barro R, Sala-i-Martin X. Economic Growth. The MIT Press; 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-024-00480-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632211050531"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"How skills can drive competitiveness","volume":"1","author":"Arpaia A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arpaia A. How skills can drive competitiveness. 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