{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:17:03Z","timestamp":1788250623959,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 114-2314-B-006-054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2314-B-006-054"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Administration of comprehensive geriatric assessment is time-consuming and labor intensive. A new instrument, the Integrated Self-Screening Instrument for Geriatric Health Testing (INSIGHT), was developed to quickly identify common geriatric problems. The present study evaluated the clinimetric properties of the INSIGHT. Content Validity Index (CVI) was measured via expert review. Older adults (\u226565 years) attending geriatric outpatient visits for the first time (N=224) completed the INSIGHT. Internal consistency was calculated using McDonald\u2019s \u03c9, greatest lower bound, and Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1. Factor structure was evaluated using parallel analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) based on domain scores. After two rounds of expert review, scale-level CVI\/universal agreement was 0.95, and all scale-level CVIs\/average were 1.00. Using the INSIGHT, 15.2% of the 224 participants had no potential health problems identified, while 14.3% had one, and over 70% had \u2265 two. Internal consistency was good (&gt; 0.8), and EFA confirmed unidimensionality with all domain factor loadings &gt;0.3. The INSIGHT demonstrates good content validity, internal consistency, and unidimensional structure, supporting its reliability for rapid geriatric health screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580261483969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:58:45Z","timestamp":1787997525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinimetric Properties of the Integrated Self-Screening Instrument for Geriatric Health Testing (INSIGHT) to Identify Healthcare Problems Among Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8468-5251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Ming","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"Formosan Association of Care and Education for the Seniors, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"Formosan Association of Care and Education for the Seniors, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Ju","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"Formosan Association of Care and Education for the Seniors, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2129-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"Biostatistics Consulting Center"},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"Formosan Association of Care and Education for the Seniors, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Trent University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formosan Association of Care and Education for the Seniors, Taiwan"},{"name":"Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Chen","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formosan Association of Care and Education for the Seniors, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Tainan Junior College of Nursing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1391-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Ching","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University"},{"name":"Formosan Association of Care and Education for the Seniors, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5372\/1905-7415.0504.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1312-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-018-0086-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.9001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15303"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl041"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-014-0215-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","volume-title":"Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE): Guidance for Person-Centred Assessment and Pathways in Primary Care","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE): Guidance for Person-Centred Assessment and Pathways in Primary Care. World Health Organization; 2019. WHO\/FWC\/ALC\/19.1."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05071-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12397"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn145"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6890\/IJGE.202601_20(1).0011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05615-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0241-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2007.0569"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000539261"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.24.0198"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","volume-title":"Int J Gerontol","author":"Chang CM","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chang CM, Wang YL. A brief tool for screening geriatric health burden: Integrated Self-Screening Instrument for Geriatric Health Testing (INSIGHT). In: Int J Gerontol; 20, 4, 2026 (in press)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2004.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)89520-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287856"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/38.3.286"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.6.M366"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247042.15547.eb"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2018.98126"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20199"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-7347.2012.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","volume-title":"Test Theory: A Unified Treatment","author":"McDonald RP","year":"1999","unstructured":"McDonald RP. Test Theory: A Unified Treatment. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1999."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02295979"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00769"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12046"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02296154"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Statistical analysis: Internal-consistency reliability and construct validity","volume":"6","author":"Hajjar ST","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hajjar ST. Statistical analysis: Internal-consistency reliability and construct validity. International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods. 2018;6(1):27-38.","journal-title":"International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200807"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036316"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33151\/ajp.8.3.93"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S180281"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6890\/IJGE.202410_18(4).0008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","article-title":"Is a three-point scale good enough?","volume":"14","author":"Sauro J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sauro J. Is a three-point scale good enough? Measuring U. August. 2019;14. https:\/\/measuringu.com\/three-points\/. Accessed June 7, 2026.","journal-title":"Measuring U. August"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224377100800414"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224377200900416"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04969-4"}],"container-title":["INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580261483969","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00469580261483969","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00469580261483969","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:49:13Z","timestamp":1788248953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00469580261483969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00469580261483969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00469580261483969","relation":{},"ISSN":["0046-9580","1945-7243"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0046-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7243","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"article-number":"00469580261483969"}}