{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:47:50Z","timestamp":1793296070083,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018455","name":"The Danish Maritime Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018455","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"University of Southern Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hafnia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The maritime sector is moving toward more diverse crew compositions. While diversity-oriented crewing models may improve safety, inclusion, and team functioning, they may also introduce new vulnerabilities if organizational systems are insufficiently prepared. This study investigates the prevalence and occupational determinants of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among seafarers, with a focus on psychosocial working conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,046 seafarers from an international fleet using an online questionnaire. Anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation were assessed using validated self-reported measures. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between mental health outcomes and occupational, interpersonal, and psychosocial factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation was 9.2%, 7.5%, and 4.7% respectively. Exposure to psychological violence only was associated with significantly higher odds of anxiety (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.08\u20133.96) and depression (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.18\u20134.49), while exposure to combined psychological and physical\/sexual violence further elevated the risk of anxiety (OR = 6.92; 95% CI: 2.11\u201322.65), depression (OR = 5.53; 95% CI: 1.64\u201318.67), and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.32; 95% CI: 1.03\u201318.17). Having a fair distribution of workload was associated with lower odds of depression (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.23\u20130.79) and suicidal ideation (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.19\u20130.82), while reporting good working relationships with crew members reduced the odds of depression (OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13\u20130.95) and anxiety (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10\u20130.78). High perceived social support was protective against depression (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.13\u20130.85).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mental health outcomes are associated with workplace violence, workload distribution, working relationships, and social support. Interventions targeting leadership, bullying, workload distribution, psychological safety and reporting systems are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580261483999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T08:15:02Z","timestamp":1788768902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Psychosocial Working Conditions, Workplace Violence, and Mental Health Outcomes Among Seafarers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1182-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subash","family":"Thapa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Sturt University"},{"name":"University of Southern Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa Loloma","family":"Froholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Sturt University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper Bo","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","unstructured":"Lefkowitz RY Slade MD. Seafarer mental health study: final report. 2022. https:\/\/www.seafarerstrust.org\/sites\/default\/files\/node\/publications\/files\/ST_MentalHealthReport_Final_Digital-1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","volume-title":"A Broader Vision of Seafarer Wellbeing: Survey of ITF Maritime Affiliates on HIV\/Aids, Health and Wellbeing","author":"Maritime I","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maritime I. A Broader Vision of Seafarer Wellbeing: Survey of ITF Maritime Affiliates on HIV\/Aids, Health and Wellbeing. ITF House; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41542-022-00129-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-00850-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2021.104910"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2024-109885"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/imh.103116."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-31622-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","volume-title":"Annual overview of marine casualties and incidents","author":"European Maritime Safety Agency","year":"2021","unstructured":"European Maritime Safety Agency. Annual overview of marine casualties and incidents. Portugal: European Maritime Safety Agency Lisbon; 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03088839.2020.1867918"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","volume-title":"CMSS Research report: Bullying and harassment in the Danish fleet","author":"Froholdt LL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Froholdt LL, Gr\u00f8n S, Nielsen JB, et al. CMSS Research report: Bullying and harassment in the Danish fleet. University of Southern Denmark; 2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-25761-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/imh.99382"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","volume-title":"Beyond the bow: Diversity-crewing as the \u201cThird D\u201d in maritime megatrends shaping the future of work and inclusion at sea: The case study of the tanker vessel shipping company","author":"Froholdt LL","year":"2025","unstructured":"Froholdt LL, Nielsen JB, Thapa S, et al. Beyond the bow: Diversity-crewing as the \u201cThird D\u201d in maritime megatrends shaping the future of work and inclusion at sea: The case study of the tanker vessel shipping company. University of Southern Denmark; 2025"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21677\/260505"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","volume-title":"Women in Maritime Survey 2024","author":"International Maritime Organization and WISTA International","year":"2024","unstructured":"International Maritime Organization and WISTA International. Women in Maritime Survey 2024; 2024. https:\/\/wwwcdn.imo.org\/localresources\/en\/MediaCentre\/Documents\/IMO-_WISTA_Women_in_Maritime_Survey_2024_report_FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","volume-title":"The port-based welfare needs of women seafarers","author":"Sampson H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sampson H, Acejo I. The port-based welfare needs of women seafarers. 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