{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T08:37:06Z","timestamp":1792917426835,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["INQUIRY"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with mental illness (PWMI) in Nigeria encounter internal, cultural, and systemic barriers that limit access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Despite global focus on mental health, little is known about PWMI\u2019s experiences with SRH in Nigeria. This study explores caregivers\u2019 views on the challenges restricting PWMI\u2019s access to SRH services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research employed a cross-sectional approach based on the socio-ecological model. Structured questionnaires were given to 117 caregivers of people with mental illness (PWMI) in various health facilities and community locations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Education and occupation of both PWMI and their caregivers were significantly associated with access to SRH services. Parents are reported as the most common caregivers and play key roles in facilitating access through decision-making and accompanying PWMI, yet the caregiver-PWMI relationship itself was not significantly associated with access. This study also indicates vulnerability, dependency, and gender-related risks that may emerge within caregiving or family structures, particularly in contexts where PWMI depend heavily on others for protection and decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caregivers offer critical insights into SRH access for PWMI. Deeply rooted cultural and systemic barriers persist. Interventions must adopt a caregiver-inclusive, culturally sensitive, and rights-based approach to improve SRH outcomes for PWMI in Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580261486020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:06:37Z","timestamp":1792613197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caregiver Perspectives on Barriers to Sexual and Reproductive Health Access for People With Mental Illness in Nigeria: A Socio-Ecological Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9625-7671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim Muhammad","family":"Usman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A. C.","family":"Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilana","family":"Schaafsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fontys University of Applied Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phad017"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","first-page":"662","article-title":"The meanings of health and its promotion","volume":"47","author":"Sartorius N","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sartorius N. The meanings of health and its promotion. Croat Med J. 2006;47(4):662-664.","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","volume-title":"Mental Health Atlas 2017","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mental Health Atlas 2017. World Health Organization; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","volume-title":"Human Rights Watch","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch. Nigeria: People with mental health conditions chained, abused. Published November 11, 2019. Accessed June 17, 2020. https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/11\/11\/nigeria-people-mental-health-conditions-chained-abused"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","volume-title":"Mental Health Aspect of Women\u2019s Reproductive Health: A Global Review of Literature","author":"World Health Organization, United Nations Population Fund","year":"2009","unstructured":"World Health Organization, United Nations Population Fund. Mental Health Aspect of Women\u2019s Reproductive Health: A Global Review of Literature; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019443"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002076408603200104"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2014.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74296-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195163"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415600582"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7342.1470"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.11.1299"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-980263"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","volume-title":"Mental Health and Reproductive Health in Women","author":"Toffol E","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toffol E. Mental Health and Reproductive Health in Women. National Institute for Health and Welfare; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.766812"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","unstructured":"Africa Polling. Mental health in Nigeria survey report 2020. Published January 13 2020. https:\/\/africapolling.org\/2020\/01\/13\/mental-health-in-nigeria-survey-report-2020\/. Accessed January 13 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.13372"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30156-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90118-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v15i4.6271"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108677318"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","volume-title":"National Bureau of Statistics publications","author":"National Bureau of Statistics","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. National Bureau of Statistics publications. https:\/\/www.nigerianstat.gov.ng\/pdfuploads\/. Accessed June 17, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","volume-title":"Demographic Bulletin 2020","author":"National Population Commission","year":"2020","unstructured":"National Population Commission. Demographic Bulletin 2020. 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